Bfi 


-  BROWNE'S 


• 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


/3  C  9-/i  < 

- 


Hyattsville,  Md 


JU 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S 

TEXT-BOOK  of  PHONOGRAPHY. 


A.    NEW    PRESENTATION    OF    THE    PRINCIPLES   OF 
THE  ART, 

AS   PRACTISED   BY  NINE-TENTHS  OF  THE  MEMBERS  OF  THE  PROFES- 
SION IN  AMERICA;  AND  THE  ONLY  WORK  EMBODYING  THE 

IMPROVEMENTS  MADE  IN  THE  LAST  TEN  YEARS. 


FOR 
SCHOOLS,  COLLEGES  AND  PRIVATE  INSTRUCTION. 


BY 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE. 

TEACHERS  OP  THE  ART  FOR  BIGHT  YEARS  IN  THE  COLLEGE  OF  PHONOGRAPHY; 
EDITOR    OF  "BROWNE'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY  AND  REPORTERS'  JOUR- 
NAL"  {ORGAN  OF  THE  PROFESSION);   AUTHOR    OF  THE  AMERICAN 
STANDARD  SERIES  OF  PHONOGRAPHIC  TEXT-BOOKS;  MEMBER 
OF  THK  AMERICAN  PHILOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


PART    I. 

SEVENTH  EDITION— REVISED. 

NEW-YORK : 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE, 

1886. 


COPYRIGHT   BY 

D.  L.  SCOTT-BROWNE, 

1886. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SEVENTH  EDITION. 


This  work,  presenting  what  is  known  as  the  AMERICAN  STAND- 
ARD system  of  Phonography,  contains  the  improvements  made  by  the 
profession  during  the  past  twenty-five  years'  practice,  down  to  date. 
It  has  become  the  leading  text-book  of  phonography  in  the  schools 
thruout  the  country  where  shorthand  is  taught,  and,  especially,  in  the 
Chain  of  Phonographic  Colleges  established  by  the  author  in  the 
United  States  and  elsewhere. 

The   chief   improvements  of  this   edition  are  :     Better   practise 
exercises  on  the  upward  and  downward  L  and  R,  with   simplified 
directions   for   understanding    the   application   of  these    principles. 
Exercises  in  other  parts  of  the  work  have   been  improved  to  make 
more  positive  and  clear  the  application  of  such  principles  as  might  be 
employed  in  different  ways,  but  which  would  be  better  used  in  one 
t/i     uniform  manner,  thus  avoiding  confusion  in  their  application.     The 
various  lists  of  abbreviations  have  been  supplied  with  practise  exer- 
cises which  aid  to  their  easy  mastery.     Some  writing  exercises  have 
tvj     been  made   over,  supplying  words  better  suited  to  clearly  illustrate 
i  •      principles.     The  Sen  principle,  which  by  accident  was  omitted  from 
the  last  three  editions,  has  been  added.     Also  directions  for  the  for- 
mation of  imperfect  hooks  or  offsets,  which  have  been  difficult  for  the 
student  to  understand  and  which   are   now  made   clear.     The  affix 
?»•    signs  have  been  better  arranged.     A  list  of  about  one  hundred  and 
ta     fifty  abbreviations  added   and   general   directions   given   for  further 
g     study.    Typographical  and  other  discrepancies  have  been  removed. 

The  book  has  been  thoroly  criticized  by  the  author  and  teach- 
ers in  general  during  its  past  four  years'  use,  and  being  revised  now 
for  the  third    time,  it   is   believed  to  be   the  best   instruction   book 
i     on  shorthand   writing.      It  has  cost  the  author  fifteen  years'  labor 
E£     to  bring  the  art  to  its  present  state  of  perfection  and  to  present  it  in 
«~    the  most   practicable  manner,  affording  a  book  that  will  meet  and 
remove  the  difficulties  experienced  by  students. 

The  work  presents  but  one  style  of  writing  equally  suited  to  all 
uses  required  either  by  the  amanuensis  or  verbatim  reporter,  and  is 
in  every  respect  the  system  receiving  the  highest  acknowledgements 
of  the  profession  and  of  teachers.  THE  AUTHOR. 

Phonographic  Headquarters, 

23  Clinton  Place,  New- York  City. 
fan.  iSS6. 

449450 


CONTENTS. 


To  THK  LEARNER  ........  r 

DEFINITIONS  ........••      viii 

CONSONANTS:— 

Lesson  I. — Consonant  Alfabet  .......  i 

VOWELS  AND  VOWELIZAT1ON:— 

Lesson  II.— Positiv  and  Relativ  Values   ......          6 

Lesson  III. — Short  Vowels        .......  13 

Lesson  IV. — Extra  Vowels  ......        17 

Punctuation,  Capitals,  Emphasis          ......  18 

Lesson  V. — Difthongs  or  Compound  Vowels      .....        19 

Lesson  VI. — Joined  Vowel  Ticks         ......  21 

CIRCLES  AND  LOOPS:— 

Lesson  VII. — Brief  addil  ional  signs  for  s  and  *  .  ...        22 

Lesson  VIII. — Loops  for  st  and  str     ......  27 

SEMICIRCLES  AND  HOOK:— 

Lesson  IX. — Brief  Signs  for  Wa  and  Ya  .....        29 

Lesson  X. — Brief  Wa  and  Ya  Signs  disjoined  ....  33 

ASPIRATE  TICK,  HEH:— 

Lesson  XI. — Heh  on  stems  .......        37 

ABBREVIATIONS  AND  POSITION:— 

Lesson  XII. — Abbreviations — Simple  and  Compound  Stems  .  .  38 

Lesson  XIII. — Abbreviations — Circles,  Loops  and  Vowels     .  .  -43 

Lesson  XIV. — Abbreviations — Brief  Wa  and  Ya  Signs — Vowsl,  Stem, 

and  Brief  Sign  Combination       ......  46 

HALF-LENGTHS  AND  ED  TICK:— 

Lesson  XV. — Halving  Stems  to  add  t  or  d — td  tick — Abbreviations  .         48 

INITIAL  HOOKS:— 

Lesson  XVI. — Small  Initial  Hooks  for  /  and  r  on  mated  stems—/  and  r 

on  unmated  stems — Abbreviations        .....  55 

Lesson  XVII. — The  Initial  Circle  on  /  and  r-  hook  signs — Abbreviations      .        63 
Lesson  XVIII — Back  Hook  for  in,  c*,un.  .  .  .  .  66 

Lesson  XIX.— W-tick 67 

Lesson  XX. — Small  Terminal  Hooks  for  n  f  and  v — Abbreviations         .  69 

Expression  of  Numbers       .(See  Part  II.,  page  144.) 

Lesson  XXI. — S'tun  and  Eshun  Hooks — Abbreviations  75 

SHADING  AND  LENGTHENING:— 

Lesson  XXII. — Shading  Em — lengthening  ing— lengthening  othsr  curves 

and  Ra  and  Hah — Abbreviations  ......        78 

PREFIXES  AND  AFFIXES:— 

Lesson  XXIII. — Prefixes — Compound  Prefixes        ....  81 

Lesson  XXIV. — Affixes — Abbreviations  as  Affixes        .  .  .  .        8s 


•  TO    THE    LEARNER. 


IN  taking  up  the  study  of  Fonografy  the  learner  must  under- 
stand,  from  the  start,  that  he  is  to  lay  aside  the  methods  of  both 
spelling  and  writing  words  as  taught  in  our  books  and  dictionaries; 
and  that  he  must  place  himself  in  the  attitude  of  a  child  who  is  just 
beginning  to  learn  his  ABC.  There  are  two  reasons  for  this  advice: 

ist. — Thefonografik  alfabet,  unlike  the  one  in  our  spelling  books, 
contains  as  many  letters  or  signs  as  there  are  elements  or  sounds  in 
the  English  language,  and  not  one  of  these  letters  or  signs  stands 
for  more  than  one  sound  or  value,  hence,  every  word  is  to  be  spelled 
by  just  those  letters  or  signs  that  represent  the  sound  heard  in  the 
word — one  sign  for  each  sound,  and  no  more.  For  example,  the 
word  talk  is  composed  of  three  Sounds,  or  elements,  t-aw-k;  speak  is 
composed  of  four  elements,  s-p-e-k;  back,  three  elements,  b-a-k; 
laugh,  three  elements,  l-ah-f;  etc.  So,  in  fonografy,  there  must  be 
just  as  many  signs  used  in  spelling  a  word  as  there  are  elements,  or 
sounds,  heard  in  the  pronunciation  of  the  word;  three  s.igns  in  spelling 
talk,  because  there  are  but  three  elements  heard;  four  signs  in  speak, 
because  there  are  but  four  elements  heard;  and  so  on,  in  this  way 
with  all  the  words  in  the  language. 

2d. — The  letters  or  signs  of  the  fonografik  alfabet  are  all  new 
and  unfamiliar  to  the  learner,  the  same  as  a  b  c  are  new  and  un- 
familiar to  the  child  just  learning  them,  and  must  be  acquired  in  the 
same  way — by  memorizing.  The  child  memorizes  principally  by 
the  repeating  process.  The  adult  shortens  this  process  by  bringing 
his  mind — his  judgment — his  reasoning  powers — to  his  assistance. 
He  calls  to  his  aid  all  the  ideas  that  he  can  associate  in  any  way 
with  the  lessons  he  is  learning,  that  could  avail  him  any  thing  in  ac- 
quiring them.  The  more  intelligent  the  student,  the  more  will  he 
learn  by  this  law  of  association  of  ideas. 

The  quickest  way  to  learn  the  alfabet  is,  First:  read  it  over, 
noticing  the  name,  sound,  form,  direction  and  thickness  or  shading  of 
each  sign.  Second:  read  carefully  what  is  said  about  the  manner  of 
writing  the  stems — whether  upward  or  downward,  etc.,  following  the 
directions  given  in  the  TEXT-BOOK,  on  page  2.  Third:  write  the 
first  eight  stems  of  the  alphabet,  making  and  naming  them  in  pairs, 
accenting  the  second  one  of  each  pair,  and  repeating  words  to  rhyme 
with  them  as  follows: 


SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK 


Pe     Be,     Te  De,  Cha  Ja,     Ka  Ga; 
This  is       for  TW*    to  learn     this  </ay. 

Also  notice  that  the  stems  are  arranged  in  the  same  regular  order 
as  the  spokes  of  a  wheel,  and  that  there  is  a  thin  and  ///«v&  or  light 

and  heavy  spoke  to  each  direction,  thus:    "/fC"       \i/        \l/ 
which,   paired  thus:  '\Jj^     and  separated  without   breaking  their 
order,  appear  just  as  they~are  seen  in  the  alfabet: 

\\      II      XX      = 

Pe  Be,      Te  De,     Cha /a,     Ka  Ga. 
This  »>     for  w^     to  learn     this  aVzy. 

Then  write  the  next  eight  stems,  making  and  naming  them  also 
in  pairs,  and  repeating  words  that  will  rhyme  with  them: 
Ef   Ve,      Ith   The,      Es  Ze.      Ish  Zhe; 
This  too,       for  me        to  learn,      you  j<r<r. 

The  remaining  stems  are  unmated  and  divided  into  triplets,  with 
words  to  rhyme,  as  follows: 

La     Er    Ra,         Em      Un     Ing; 

Did  you  say  I  might  sing? 

Wa    Ya     Hah. 

Yes,  ha->4a/ 

Write  the  alfabet  in  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  FOKOGRAFIK  COPY  BOOK, 
following  the  directions  therein  given.  The  last  alfabet  exercise  in 
the  Copy-Book  being  like  the  one  on  page  3  of  this  book.  If  the 
Copy-Book  is  not  used,  any  blank  note-book  will  do,  taking  care  to 
have  the  exercises  neatly  and  correctly  written. 

At  this  point  ask  why  some  of  the  stems  are  mated — differ- 
ing only  in  being  light  and  heavy.  Answer.  Because  the  elements 
or  sounds  represented  by  the  stems  of  each  mated  pair  are  formed 
alike  in  the  mouth,  and  are  alike,  with  the  exception  that  the  light 
ones,/,  f,  etc.,  are  -whispered,  while  their  mates  or  cognates,  b,  d, 
etc.,  are  voiced — the  voice  being  heard  before  the  lips  separate  to 
give  them  utterance.  Therefore  the  whispered  mated  elements  are 
represented  by  light  lines — light  sound,  light  stem — and  the  voiced 
mated  elements  by  heavy  lines — heavy  sound,  heavy  stem.  Pronounc- 
ing the  syllables  ap,  ab;  at,  ad;  ach,  aj;  ak,  ag;  etc.,  will  enable 
the  student  to  preceive,  at  once,  both  the  similarity  and  difference 
between  the  mated  elements. 

The  unmated  elements  are  all  voiced  except  Hah,  and  are  repre- 
sented by  the  curved  stems  that  remained  after  the  mated  stems  were 
provided  for. 


OP  PHONOGRAPHY.  v\\ 


PENS  AND  PENCILS. 

Practise  with  either  pen  or  pencil.  It  is  better  to  be  familiar 
with  th?  use  of  both.  Let  the  pen  be  fine,  and  the  ink  clear  and 
black.  Hold  the  pen  loosely  so  that  it  can  be  turned  easily  in  writ- 
ing the  outlines  of  words  containing  stems  made  in  different  direc- 
tions. Some  reporters  hold  the  pen  or  pencil  between  the  first  and 
second  fingers.  It  is  a  good  way,  as  the  pen  is  more  easily  con- 
trolled and  it  enables  one  to  write  longer  without  fatigue.  Both  this 
and  the  usual  way  are  recommended — each  as  a  rest  to  the  other. 
Of  pencils  graded  by  numbers,  use  No.  3;  of  Dixon's  pencils,  use 
those  marked  S.  M.  (Soft  Medium);  of  the  American  Fonografic  Pen- 
cils, use  those  marked  S  (Soft). 

TIME  REQUIRED  TO  LEARN  PHONOGRAPHY. 

Directions  faithfully  followed  and  lessons  thoroughly  learned, 
together  with  an  hour's  daily  practise,  will  enable  the  average  student 
to  master  this  book  in  about  two  months.  A  month's  additional 
practise,  of  from  two  to  three  hours  daily,  from  another's  reading — 
using  any  common  school  reading  books  (from  Second  to  Fourth — 
omitting  all  the  poetry),  and  good  business  letters — will  fit  the 
student  to  begin  the  work  of  receiving  dictations  of  business  letters, 
provided  he  can  spell,  punctuate  and  write  longhand,  or  operate  a 
writing  machine  well.  These  three  are  positiv  pre-requisites  in  a 
shorthand  amanuensis. 

HOW    AND    WHEN   TO    PRACTISE. 

In  writing  after  another's  reading  let  the  same  matter  be  re- 
peated three  times,  at  least.  This  enables  the  writer  to  criticise  his 
first  effort,  make  corrections,  choose  better  forms  for  words,  and  im- 
prove generally  the  appearance  of  the  second  effort.  The  third 
effort  confirms  the  corrections  and  improvements  of  the  second  and 
advances  one's  speed.  After  writing  any  thing  the  third  time  let  the 
shorthand  notes  be  read  as  many  as  two  or  three  times  and  written 
out  in  longhand  once.  Repetition  in  writing  and  reading  practise, 
is  one  of  the  secrets  of  gaining  speed  in  writing  and  readiness  in 
reading.  As  progress  is  made  in  correctness  and  speed  of  writing, 
the  repeating  practice  can  be  gradually  discontinued.  Let  the  stu- 
dent always  read  every  thing  he  writes.  One's  own  notes,  after  be- 
coming able  to  write  easily,  make  better  reading  exercises  than 
engraved  fonografy.  Amanuenses  and  reporters  will  have  no  trouble 
in  reading  their  notes  if,  during  the  preparatory  course,  they  faith- 
fully read  every  thing  they  write. 


DEFINITION     OF    FONOGRAFY, 
ETC. 


FONOGRAFY  (Phonography). — Any  system  of  writing  language 
in  which  only  the  SOUNDS  of  the  SPOKEN  word  are  represented. 

STENOGRAFY. — Any  system  of  shorthand  writing,  using  briel 
alfabetic  signs,  arbitrary  characters,  principles  of  contraction,  etc., 
adequate  to  the  representation  and  speed  of  verbatim  speech.  The 
term  is  applied  to  systems  of  un-fonetik  shorthand. 

STENO-FONOGRAFY. — Any  system  of  fonetic  shorthand  employ- 
ing the  alfabetik  signs  of  stenography,  principles  of  abbreviation 
and  contraction,  devices,  etc..  adequate  to  the  representation  and 
speed  of  verbatim  speech. 

FONETIKS  (Phonetics). — The  science  of  the  sounds  of  the  human 
voice. — (Webster.) 

FONETIK  (Phonetic)  or  Fonik  (Phonic). — Relating  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  sounds  by  characters.— (Webster.) 

Fonetik  or  Fonik  Shorthand  and  Steno- Fonografy  both  mean 
one  and  the  same  thing. 

The  system  of  Shorthand  or  Stenografy  taught  in  this  book 
is  fonetik  or  fonografik,  and,  hence,  like  all  other  systems  having 
a  fonetik  basis,  is  termed,  for  brevity,  Fonografy  instead  of  Steno- 
Fonografy,  there  being  no  longhand  fonografy  to  require  the  other 
as  a  distinguishing  name. 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  NATURE,  QUESTION,  ETC. 
The  theoretical  pronunciation  of  the  words  nature,  future,  ques- 
tion, fixture,  etc.,  is  not  so  conveniently  or  quickly  represented  in 
fonografy  as  the  popular  pronunciation;  therefore  this  work  sanctions 
the  fonografik  writing  of  nachur,  fnchur,  queschun,  fixckur,  etc.  If 
the  reporter  is  to  write  what  he  hears,  he  will  seldom  have  occasion 
to  represent  other  than  the  popular  pronunciation  given  to  this  class 
of  words. 


LESSON    I. 

1.—  CONSONANT  ALFABET. 

FONOGRAFIK 
STEM  or  LETTER. 

NAME. 

SOUND. 

POWHR. 

\ 

STRA 
Pe 

IGHT    5 
P 

5TEMS     (MATED). 
as  in         ....          ....             u/ 

e 

V 

Be 

b 

„             a£ 

ELEMEN' 

1 

Te 
De 

t 

d 

„             it 
,,              ....          ....             a\d 

iBRUPT 

f/ 

Cha 
Ja 

ch 
j 

,,              ....          each 
„             ....       /oy,  a^e,  edge 

% 

- 

Ka 

k 

,,             ....       oa/C%  roo,  echo 

\                , 

Ga 

g 

,,             ....           ....  e^y,  ego 

CURVED     STEMS     (MATED). 

f            . 

Ef 

f 

as  in          ....     i/",  lau^,  phase 

ELEMENTS. 

V 

Ve 
Ith 
The 

V 

th 
dh 

,,             ....           eve,  Ste//*en 
,,               ....           ....              the 

2 

) 

Es 

s 

,,               ....           ....      u.r,    are 

D 
Z 

) 

Ze 

z 

,,              ....          ....    ooze,   as  . 

I 

J 

\     J 

Ish 
Zhe 

sh 
zh 

,,              ....               as  h,  ocean 
....        azure 

CURVED     AND    STRAIGHT    STEMS     (NOT     MATED). 

'/• 

'          /'"upward 

La 

1 

as  in         ....             a/e 

5  a 

~\ 

Er 

r 

,,               ....          ....             ear 

1 

^-upward 

Ra 

r 

,,             ....          ....           roar 

x^^ 

f       §'" 

,Em 
Un 
Ing 

m 

n 
ng 

i>              ••••          ••••              aw 

I,                   SOW? 

Hi     "^ 

Wa 

w 

,  ,             ....          ....           way 

si        ^T 

Ya 

y 

„             ....         ....           you 

<  S      ASPl-     x**      Up- 

3  w  \RATE.-        ward 

Hah 

h 

,,              ....          ....             hay 

SCOTT.BROWVffS  TEXT-BOOK 


MANNER   OF  WRITING  THE  STEMS. 

3.     The  Stems  \  Pe,   \  Be,    \     Te,     \    De,    /  Cha.   /    /a. 
are  written  downward. 

3-  — .  Ka,  —  Ga,  are  written  from  left  to  right. 

4-  V_   ^/,  V^_  V<*    C    M.     C    The,    )   Es,    )   Ze,  _J    Zh>., 
are  written  downward. 

5.  _J  fsA  is  written  downward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a 
word,  but  when  joined  to  other  stems  may  be  written  either  up-ro&rd 
or  downward,  according  to  rules  given  in  advanced  lessons.     Wh  en 
written  upward  it  is  named  Sha. 

6.  f~~ La  is  written  upward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word, 
but  when  joined  to  other  stems   may  be  written  either  upward  cr 
downward,  according  to  rules  given  in  advanced  lessons.    When  writ- 
ten downward  it  is  named  El. 

7.  ""^  Er  is  always  written  downward. 

8.  ^  Ra  is  always  written  upward. 

9.  ^"N  Em,  x_y  Un,  y^  Ing,  are  written  from  left  to  right. 

10.  ~K    Wa,  A~  Ya,  are  written  downward. 

11.  J^"  Hah  is  always  written  upward. 

RESUME. 

a. /  Ish,  written  dow nward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word. 

Written  either  upward  or  downward,  according  to  certain  rules,  when 
joined  to   other  stems.      Upward  name,  Sha. 

b.  /"~  Za,  written  upward  when  it  is  the  only  stem  in  a  word. 
Written  either  upward  or  downward,  according  to  certain  rules,  when 
joined  to  other  stems.     Downward  name,  El. 

c.  ^  Ra,  ^  Hah,  always  written  upward. 

• 

d.     Ka,  __  Ga,  /'-x  Ern,   ^  Un,  v^/  Ing,  written  from  left 

\oright.    9 

g.    All  the  other  stems  invariably  written  downward. 

NOTB. — Trace  and  name  every  one  of  the  stems  on  page  i  several   times:  after 
which,  practise  writing  them  in  "Scott-Browne's  Phonographic  Copy-Book,"  page  i. 


OP  PHONOGRAPHY. 


3 


12.  -EXERCISE  TO  BE  WRITTEN    IN   COPY-BOOK. 
Pe,     Be,     \\          \\\\          \\  \\\\ 

Te,     De,     |    |  ........  j|       ...  |    |    .......  ||     ...     ||  |    |          || 

Cba,    Ja,  /    /  ......  //.//....    /  ./...  ../  /       /   /       /   / 

Ka,     Ga,  ____     __        __  __ 


Ith,    The,    (.(  ..........  (.(  .....  C.(  ........  C(  .........  ((...       (    ( 

Es,     Ze,     ).)  ......  )...)  ........  )...)  .........  ))...      ))  .........  )      ) 

Ish,Zhe,_/_V  ...J-J.  ..    -J  -J      -J..J      -J  -J      -J  -J 

r  r.c...c....c...r  r  r  r  r  r  r  r 


Em 


Ya.      r  r  .r .r..  r  r  r  r :  r"  r..  r  r_ 


Hah. 


NOTS. — For  practise  on  this  exercise  see  page  a  of  "  Phonographic  Copv-Bo'->k." 


SCOTT-BROWNE:^  TEXT-BOOK 


MANNER  OF  JOINING   CONSONANT   STEMS. 

13.  When  two  or  more  stems  are  used  in  the  outline  of  a  word, 
they  are  written  without  lifting  the  pen;  the  next  beginning  where  the 
preceding  one  ends.  Illustration  : 


i 
p  k,        n  t,  r  m  I,        b  n  t,        r  r,          k  k,  m  m,       m  ?r. 

14.     RULE  I.  —  The  first  downward  stem  of  a  consonant    outline 
must  end  on  the  line  of  writing.     Illustration: 

—  / 


_ 

kpt  fv,  ch  k,  pp.  n  I,  d  t. 

15.     RULE  II.  —  They?™/  upward  stem  of  a  consonant  outline  must 
begin  on  the  line  of  writing.     Illustration: 


r  k,  11,  h  n,  sh  I,  m  r. 

16.     Join  the  following  stems  without  making  an  angle: 

O  .......  C  .....  v-     .1     ...o 


L 


Ik,          p  n,  thn,  In,          vg,  d  f,  I  r, 

— N          ^^\  \  1 

.O  .     .)..     ~>: o^ V^. U  . 


Is,  m  s,  m  n,  m  irj,  b  n%,  t  n,          r  sh. 

17.     Always  make  an  angle  between  the  following  stems: 


f  n,  v  ng,  I  m, 

18.     Curve  Em  a  little  more  before  Ka  and  a  little  less  before 

Tf,  in  order  to  secure  sharper  angles;  thus:  ^~X__  m  /',       1  HI  t. 

Practise  on  the  foregoing  outlines  until  they  can  be  written  readily 
and  neatly. 

Read  carefully  and  with  patience,  the  Exercise  on  the  following 
page,  pronouncing  aloud,  first  the  name,  and  then  the  sound  of  each 
stem.  Illustration: 

NAMES.  SOUNDS. 

V—  x       Pe-Em      p  m,  sounding  the  p  as  in  ape,  leaving  of 
the  a;  m  as  in  me,   leaving  off  e. 

More.  —  For  practise  on  this  exercise  see  page  3  of  "  Phonographic  Copy-BooV- 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


19.— READING   EXERCISE. 


X 


'S 


20.  The  hook  on  Hah  cannot  be  made  perfectly  when  Hah  is 
joined  to  Ja,  Ya,  etc.,  but  an  imperfect  hook  or  of  set  is  made  on  the 
stems,  which  is  just  as  legible  to  the  student  as  the  complete  hook, 
after  becoming  familiar  with  it. 

The  above  Reading  Exercise  contains  the  correct  consonant  out- 
lines of  the  following  words: 

21.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

a.  Pope,     pub,    pity, -pick;    bevy,    busy,  •  bush,   bijou;    T^.bby, 
tidy,   tag;  .daisy,   duly,  .door,    dame,  deny;    check,   China,    cherry; 
Johnny,    gem,    jury,   Jehu'    keep,   Ca  iy,   cage,   coffee;   Goth,    Gus- 
sie,   gush,    gaily 

b.  Fish,    fame;    vale,    valley,    veer,    vary;     theme,    thorough; 
sewer;    zeal;   sham,  shallow. 

c.  Lehigh,  lodge,  Lena,  lung,  league,  love,  lobby,  Lizzie,  Laura, 
Alma;  arm,  ark,  early,  Aurora;  rock,  review,  rib,  rich,  ridge,  rash, 
rely,  wreath,  renew,  rear. 

d.  Make,  mug,  meadow,  map,  move,  mail,  Mary,  maim,  money, 
among, <Mayhew;    nap,    into,   inch,    nag,   enough,   knoweth,    noisy, 
Nash,  nail,  narrow,  anyway,  N.  Y.  {En-  Ya),  N.  H.  (En-Jffa/i).     », 

e.  Await,  awoke,  Oyer,  Yahoo;  holy,  Harry,  honey,  ha-ha. 

NOTE.— Practise  on  pages  4  and  5  of  "Scott-Browne's  Phonographic  Copy-Book. ** 


SCOTT-BROWN&S  TEXT-BOOK 


VOWELS  AND  VOWELIZATION, 

LE  SSON      II. 
POSITIV  AND   RELATIV  VALUES. 

1.  The  sound  for  which  any  sign  or  letter  stands  is  called  the 
value  or  power  of  that  sign  or  letter  ;  and  if  that  sign  or  letter  never 
stands  for  any  other  value  or  power — never  changes  its  value,  but 
always   keeps   the   same — that  value  is  termed  fixed,  or  positiv,  or 
absolute, — all  three  of  these  words  being  in  use  to  express  the  same 
idea.     It  has  been  observed  in  the  foregoing  lesson  that  the  values 
of  the  fonografik  (phonographic)  consonant-signs  are  positiv,  fixed, 
unchanging;  that  is,  p  is  always/,  and  d  always  d,  wherever  they  are 
written,  and  never  stand  for  the  sound  of  /  or  /  or  any  other  value 
than  each  its  own. 

2.  But  in  this  lesson  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  values  of  the 
simple  vowel  signs  are  not  positiv,  but  are  dependent  upon  their  rela- 
tion to  the  consonant  stem  for  their  values.     To  illustrate  :  A  heavy  dot 
written  opposit  the  beginning  of  a  stem  thus,     I   ,  is  called  e,  but  if 
this  same  dot  is  moved  down  opposit  the  middle  of   the  stem,  thus, 

*|  ,  it  is  called  a,  and  if  moved  again  down  opposit  the  end  of  the 
stem,  thus,  .1  ,  it  is  called  ah;  thus  forming  a  short  scale  of  three 
sounds,  e,  a,  ah, — the  consonant  stem  being  of  a  convenient  size  to 
furnish  three  distinctly  different  vowel  sounds.  By  this,  then,  it  is  seen 
that  the  simple  vowel  signs  do  not  have  fixed  values,  as  it  can  not  be 
known  what  to  call  a  dot  till  it  has  been  placed  by  the  side  of  a  stem; 
hence,  it  is  said  that  the  vowel  signs  possess  relativ  value;  that  is, 
their  relation  to  the  stem  must  be  shown  before  it  can  be  known  what 
sound,  or  value,  to  giv  them. 

3.  The  vowel  signs,  then,  possess  not  positiv  but  relativ  value, 
and  are  represented  by  dots  and  dashes  written  in  three  different  places 
by  the  side  of  the  consonant  stem,  and  made  heavy  and  light  to  cor- 
respond with  long  and  short  vowel  sounds.  Heavy  signs  for  long  vowels 
and  light  signs  for  short  ones. 

THE  VOWEL  SCALE,  OR  ALFABET. 

4.  There  are,  in  the  English  language,  sixteen  simple  vowel  ele- 
ments— six   long,  and   ten    short, — and   seven  compound  vowels,  or 
difthongs,  as  heard  in  the  following  words: — 


OP  PHONOGRAPHY. 


LONG  VOWELS. 

Bf,  err,  fare,  far,  fall,  move. 

SHORT   VOWELS. 

It,  ell,  up,  cur,  at,  ask,  log,  whole,  wolf,  and  |,* 
the  initial  element  of  the  difthong,  *-&J,  heard  in  the  words  blue,  rue, 
rude,  tune,  suit,  etc. 

COMPOUND   VOWELS,   OR  DIFTHONGS. 

Ale,  old,  *ce,  oil,  owl,  true,  pure. 

5.  For  practical  reporting  purposes  it  is  not  found  necessary  to 
represent  each  of  these  elements  with  a  distinct  sign  of  its  own. 
Eighteen  signs  are  regarded  sufficient— fourteen  simple  and  four  com- 
pound signs.     Two  of  the  seven  difthongs — a  and  o — are,  for  reasons 
not  necessary  to  explain  here,  classed,  in  fonografy  (phonography), 
with  the  simple  vowels  and  represented  by  simple  signs. 

LONG  VOWELS  AND  THEIR  SIGNS. 

6.  The  six  long  vowels  (including  a  and  o),  classed  together,  are 

as  follows: 

e  a  ah  aw  o  oo 

and  represented  thus: 

•:  .  i  —:  \  ; 

•!  —! 

:  •!  -; 

e  a  ah  aw  o  oo 

W>  g,ive  alms  all  cold  toad. 

7.  When  a  vowel  sign  is  written  opposit  the  beginning  of  a  stem 
it  is  said  to  be  in  the  first  place;  when  opposit  the  middle  of  a  stem, 
in  the  second  place  i  when  opposit  the  end  of  a  stem,  the  third  place. 

8.  Observe  that  the  beginning  or  first  place,  of  a  vowel,  is  where 
the  stem  begins  to  be  -written.  The  first  place  of  Pe,  Cha,  F.f,  ft  A,  etc. , 
is  at  the  top  because  that  is  wheue  those  stems  begin;  while  the  first 
place  of  La,  Ra,  Hah,  is  at  the  bottom,  because  that  is  where  those 
stems  begin.     (See  next  page,  lines  2-7,  first  and  fourth  columns.) 

9.  The  dash  signs  are  written  at  right  angles  to  the  consonant 
stem;  that  is,  in  an  of  posit  direction  to  that  of  the  stem.     (See  next 
page,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  columns.) 

10.  The  consonant  portion  of  a  word  is  written  first  and  the 
vowel  portion  afterwards. 

*  This  sound  \*  formed  in  the  mouth  like  the  vowel  in  it,  but  uttertd  like  the 
vowel  in  up,  from  the  back  of  the  mouth,  with  the  throat  as  nearly  in  position  for  sound- 
ing &  (in  K/)  as  the  tongue  can  allow  and  preserve  tht/arm  of  I  (in  it). 


TEXT-BOOk 


II.—  EXERCISE  ON  LONG  VOWELS. 

DOTS.                                                          DASHES. 

BEGINNING.               MIDDLE.                 END.               BEGINNING.           MIDDLE.           END. 

I.         I"'                   •;  2nd  place.  J3rdplace      |  "'        ^-f  2nd  place 

!3rd  place. 

Vf-e 

« 
%-a-ve 

ah 
a-lms 

aw 
a-\\ 

c-*-ld 

CO 

*.  r 

. 

1. 

- 

1- 

too 

Te 

ta 

tab 

taw 

toe 

3-  
Key 
4-       /* 

kay 

kah 

l 

caw 

~T 

coc 

i 

coo 

). 

\» 

5-  ....  ) 

> 

\ 

) 

y 

6.        ^ 

7-.  C           . 

r 

.C..... 

C 

^ 

-  /  . 

• 
8. 

] 

* 

-1 

Eat 
9. 

ate 

aht 

awt 
i 

oat 

i 

oot 
ook 

Eke 
10.       t^_j 

ache 

ahk 

awk 

oak 

«.   r 

r 

r 

-T... 

f. 

\ 

^ 

^ 

OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


12.  RULK  III. — Vowels  that  are  read  before  a  consonant  are  writ- 
ten to  the  left  of  vertical  and  inclined  stems,  the  same  as  they  would 
be  in  longhand,  and  above  horizontal  stems,  the  same  as  an  upper  line 
of  writing  reads  before  a  lower  line.  Illustration: 


A\ 

•\ 

V 

-( 

} 

.) 

.r 

.r 

ope, 

aid, 

eve. 

oath, 

ace, 
1 

ooze, 

eel, 

awl, 

ore,  eke,  ache,  oak,  aim,  e'en,  own. 

13.  RULE  IV. — Vowels  that  are  read  after  a.  consonant  are  writ- 
ten to  the  right  of  vertical  and  inclined  stems,  and  below  horizontal 
stems.  Illustration: 


X 

*         |-            ^ 

J:  ./... 

C  ^ 

^ 

bow,     tt 

a,     dough,      fee, 

sow,        shoe, 

law,         ray. 

hah, 

key,       co 

\           •"      '^ 
o,         gay*       may, 

ma,       knee, 

neigh,     gnaw. 

know. 

14.  In  naming  the  letters,  or  signs,  of  fonografik  (phonographic) 
words,  be  careful  to  get  the  exact  sound  for  each  sign,  and,  after 
spelling  the  words  by  their  correct  sounds,  be  doubly  careful  to  pro- 
nounce them  exactly  as  they  were  spelled,  Illustration: 


*S     a-p,  ape,  and  not  dps 
v-*\     t-a-m,   tame,  and  not  tarn; 
P-N      d-o-m,  dome,  and  not  dSmj 
t-a-k,  take,  not  tacks 


b-a-k,  bake,  not  hack; 
/*]      r-a-t,  rate,  not  rat. 

In  this  way,  carefully  spell,  both  by  sound  and  name  of  each  sign, 
and  pronounce,  correctly,  the  fonografik  words  on  page  n. 


10  SCOTT-BROWNSrS  TEXT-BOOK 

15.  Do  not  allow  the  common,  printed  spelling  to  mislead  when 
spelling  a  word  in  fonografy.     Illustration: 

Ache,  d-k,  and  not  a-se-aitch-e: 

coo,  k-do,  and  not  te-double-o; 

thatr,  Ith-aw,  not  te-aitch-a-doubleyou; 

eel,  e-l,  not  double-e-l; 

talk,  t-aw-k,  not  t-a-el-k; 

though,  The-o,  not  t-aitch-o-you-je~aitch; 

gale,  Ga-a-l,  not  je-a-l-e; 

shawl,  Ish-aw-l,  not  Es-aitch-a-doubleyou-l; 

rouge,  Ra-oo-Zke,  not  ar-o-you-je-f. 

cage,  ^-a^',  not  se-a-je  e. 

16.  Write  no  more  signs  in  a  word  than  there  are  sounds  heard 
in  its  pronunciation.     Silent  letters  seen  in  printed  words  are  never 
represented    in   fonografy.     Illustration:    Know,   n-o  •—  ^— ' ;    gnaw, 

n-aw  — •  /W  ;   see,  s-e  =-  )  ;   cope,  £-<?-/  —     '  \ 

17.  Before  writing  a  word  in  fonografy  pronounce  it  slowly  and 
then  sound  all  the  elements  separately,  heard  in  the  slow  pronunciation, 
in  order  to  determine  the  exact  sounds,  and  the  correct  signs  to  be 
written.     Illustration: 

Word.    Slow  pronun-    Separate  Names  of  conso-     Stem  out-    Natneofeack      Full 
ciation.          sounds.        nant  stems.  line.  sound.          word 

Zero,       zero,       z-e-r-o,          Ze-Ra  i/*      Ze-e-Ra-o        y( 


Dado,      dado,     d-a-d-o,          De-De 


De-a-De-o 


Cocoa,    c  o  c  oa,    k-o-k-o,         Ka-Ka        Ka-o-Ka-o  —, — p- 

Delay,     d  e  1  ay,    d-e-l-a,          De-La  V~       De-e-La-a      pT 

o 

NOTE. — Remember  that  the  pen  must  not  be  lifted  till  all  the  consonant  stem*  of  an 
outline  are  written,  after  which  the  vowel  signs  are  placed. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


11 


18.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON   LONG   VOWELS. 


fst  Place   Vowels. 


T  jr  . 


t 

2nd  Place  Vowels. 

A\  ... -I   I- /..._,_..  -( >.  r ..3  ^  -x  <* 

-.  \\\rNcNY_xVvLk 

/   ^\  —  -  -  -     ~   '  —     ^     -••     N— v         l      ""  * 

'  l^1""^^          *          ^x.          /^^  \          f  /  _ 

I  I        '//\. 

jrd  Place    Vowels, 

.3.\."\..._r  J..v  -.^.o...  X    r 

M-.S    V.V...X 


12  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  TEXT-BOOK 

19.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON  THE   LONG   VOWELS. 

Pea,  pa,  paw,  Po,  poo,  ape,  ope,  bay,  baa,  bow,  obey,  eat,  ate, 
oat,  tea.  aid,  ode,  day,  dough,  age,  Jo,  eke,  ache,  oak,  key,  coo, 
gay,  fee,  fay,  foe,  eve.  oath,  thaw,  sou,  ace,  ooze,  Shah,  shavv,  show, 
shoe,  lee,  lay,  lo,  eel,  ale,  awl,  aim,  ma,  knee,  gnaw,  woe,  woo.  yah, 
yo,  haw,  hoe,  hah. 

Peep,  pope,  peach,  poach,  peak,  poke,  opaque,  Peko,  peal, 
pail,  pale,  Paul,  pole,  babe,  beat,  beet,  bait,  boat,  beach,  beak, 
bake,  bail,  ball,  bowl,  below,  beam,  tape,  teach,  teeth,  tail, 
tall,  toll,  team,  tame,  deep,  daub,  dado,  dale,  dole,  delay, 
deem,  dame,  dome,  cheap,  cheat,  Choate,  cheek,  chalk,  choke, 
Job,  joke,  jail,  keep,  cape,  cope,  coach,  cage,  cake,  coke,  keel, 
coal,  comb,  gale,  goal,  game,  feed,  fade,  Feejee,  faith,  fame( 
foam,  veto,  evoke,  vague,  vogue,  thief,  thieve,  theme,  sheep,  shape, 
Sheik,  shake,  zeal,  leap,  lobe,  load,  leach,  liege,  leak,  lake,  leaf, 
loaf,  leave,  loathe,  leal,  lame,  leeway,  mope,  meek,  muck,  meal, 
male,  mail,  mole,  maim,  knave,  'neath,  name,  heap,  heat,  hate, 
heed,  hoed,  heath,  halo,  ho-ho,  ha-ha. 

Write  Ra  for  r  in  the  following  words,  because  it  begins  a  -syl 
lable: 

Ray,  raw,  r5w,  reap,  rope,  robe,  rate,  wrought,  wrote,  reed, 
raid,  road,  rowed,  reach,  rage,  wreak,  rake,  rogue,  wreath, 
wreathe,  relay  ream,  roam,  Rome,  rear,  roar,  Reno,  zero,  Nero, 
hero. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words,  because  it  ends   a  syl- 
lable 14^    "^       S-       >C 

Ore,  oar,  pier,  peer,  pour,  bier,  bore,  tear,  tore,  deer,  door, 
chore,  jeer,  fear,  four,  veer,  shear,  shore,  leer,  lore. 

Write  El  (downward)  for  /in  the  following  words,  because  it  is 
final  and  preceded  by  either  f,  v  or  the  upward  r,  in  which  case  it 
must  be  written  downward: 

Fail,  foal,  veal,  vale,  reel,  rail. 

Write  Sha  and  La  (both  upward)  for  ih  and  /  in  the  following 
words,  because  they  make  the  best  joining: 

Shawl,  shoal,  shield,  leash. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  1JJ 


LE  SSON      III. 


SHORT  VOWELS. 

i.     The  six  short  vowels,  classed  together,  are  heard  in  the  fol- 
lowing syllables: 

*(t)  4t)  <f(t)  <7(t)  *(t)          MO 

and  are  represented  thus: 


i 

It 

I 

fell 

a 
flat 

d 
on 

u 
pap's 

M 

foot 

ask  CUT 

2.  The  six  long  and  six  short  vowels  may  be  easily  memorized 
by  repeating  the  following  words  containing  them: 

Wtf  gave  alms — all  cold  food. 

e        a  a        &       6       do 

7t       fell  flat  —  on  pup's  foot, 

it        et  at        ot     ut     oot 

3.  Rules  for  writing  vowels  heard  between  STEM  CONSONANTS: 

RULE  V. — ALL  first  place  and  the  two  long  second  place 
vowels,  a  and  o,  are  written  after  the  first  consonant.  Illustration: 

peak        big        talk       dock        bake      dome         cake  comb. 

RULE  VI. — ALL  the  third  place  and  the  two  SHORT  second  place 
vowels,  /and  u,  are  written  before  the  second  consonant.  Illustration: 

palm  ooom  tack  took  neck  numb 

NOTE. — If  first  place  vowels  were  written  before  the  second  stem, 
and  third  place  vowels  after  the  first  stem,  it  would  bring  the  vowel 
signs  within  the  angles,  and  then  it  could  not  be  told  whether  the 
vowel  was  a  first  place  one  to  the  second  stem  or  a  third  place  one  to 
the  first  stem.  Illustration:  v-x  \ —  It  cannot  be  told  whether 
the  first  word  is  balm  or  beam,  or  the  second  word,  pack  or  fick;  but 


14 


SCOTT.BROWNES   TEXT-BOOK 


by  applying  Rule  V.  the  following  word,  v— N  ,  is  known  to  be  beam, 
and  by  applying  Rule  VI.  this  word,  v^^  ,  is  known  to  be  balm. 
4.  The  second  place  vowels  could  be  written  to  either  stem,  but 
to  make  an  equal  division  of  the  signs  to  each  stem  it  was  thought 
best  by  Mr.  Pitman  to  write  the  long  ones  to  the  first  and  the  short 
ones  to  the  second  stem,  which  added  to  the  legibility  of  such 
words  as  X —  bake,  \_^_  beck,  \^  dome,  [^  dumb,  etc.,  when  in 
careless  or  rapid  writing  the  size  of  the  vowel  was  not  accurate. 


5.— READING  EXERCISE 

ON  SHORT  VOWELS. 

*|et  ,|at  jot  ~|ut 

ft  fell  flat  oa  p«p'i 

rst  Place   Vowels. 


I. 


.1. 


_|oot 

iaal. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


Place   Vowels. 


6.— WRITING    EXERCISE 

ON  SHORT  VOWELS. 

Ebb,  abby,  odd,  eddy,  add,  itch,  etch,  edge,  echo,  egg,  ash,  ill, 
ell,  Ella,  alley,  Emma,  Anna,  pity,  petty,  patty,  putty,  pod,  pitch, 
patch,  pick,  peck,  pack,  Puck,  pig,  pygmy,  peg,  pug,  pith, 
pussy,  push,  pill,  pull,  pully,  pink,  batch,  badge,  budge,  back,  book, 
big,  beg,  bag,  bog,  bug,  buggy,  bevy,  busy,  bush,  bushy,  bijou,  bill, 
billow,  bell,  ballet  (ballay),  bung,  tip,  tap,  top,  tub,  attach,  touch, 
tick,  tack,  attack,  tuck,  attic,  tag,  tug,  taffy,  tally,  tarry,  Tenney) 
tung,  tank,  dip,  ditty,  oddity,  dig,  dog,  dug,  death,  doth,  dell,  dull, 
dally,  doll,  dim,  dumb,  ding,  dong,  chip,  chap,  chop,  chat,  chick, 
check,  chill,  chilly,  chimney,  chink,  jib,  job,  jet,  jut,  Judd,  judge, 
Jack,  jockey,  jig,  jag,  jog,  jug,  gill,  jelly,  jolly,  gem,  Jennie, 
Johnnie,  Kipp,  cab,  cob,  cub,  Kitty,  catch,  cudgel,  Cudjo,  kick,  cook, 
keg,  cog,  coffee,  caf6,  kith,  cash,  calla,  callow,  king,  kink,  gig,  gag, 
Goth,  gush,  galley,  gull,  gully,  gum,  guinea,  gang,  gong,  fob,  fitch, 
fetch,  fudge,  fag,  fog,  foggy,  fellow,  fallow,  follow,  Fanny,  funny, 
fang,  valley,  volley,  vim,  thatch,  thick,  thicket,  thumb,  thong,  zinc, 
ship,  shop,  shabby,  shadow,  shock,  shook,  shaggy,  sham,  shank, 
lip,  lap,  lop,  elbow,  Libby,  lobby,  lad,  laddie,  ledge,  allege,  lodge, 
lick,  lack,  lock,  locket,  luck,  lucky,  look,  live,  love,  lofty,  loth,  lilly, 
loll,  lull,  limb,  lamb,  rally,  map,  mop,  mob,  Mattie,  meadow,  match, 
mock,  muck* mug,  miff,  muff,  myth,  moth,  mash,  mush,  mashed, 
mill,  milk,  mellow,  mum,  mummy,  Minnie,  Moony,  many,  monk, 
nip,  nap,  knap,  nib,  knob,  Netie,  niche,  notch,  nudge,  nick,  neck, 
knack,  knock,  nook,  knag,  nag,  gnash,  unlucky,  ninny,  Nancy, 


16  SCOTT-BROWNE'S   TEXT-BOOK. 

APPLICATION   OF   R   STEMS. 

The  rules  governing  the  uses  of  upward  and  downward  J?  can- 
not be  given  till  all  the  modifications  of  consonants  have  been 
presented.  Chapter  XII.  of  PART  II.  TEXT-BOOK  treats  of  the 
r-stems  in  all  their  relations,  the  first  part  of  which  chapter  would 
be  helpful  for  the  student  to  examine  in  this  connection. 

Observe  the  engravings  thruout  this  book  for  the  uses  of  upward 
and  downward  r,  as  the  correct  employment  of  these  stems  will  pre- 
serve legibility  in  phonographic  outlines. 

Write  Er,  (downward  r),  in  ending  a  syllable,  thus-  Ear,  oar,  o'er, 
ark,  peer,  par,  fore,  poor,  tear,  tore,  fear,  Ehrich. 

Write  J?a  (upward  r)  when  beginning  a  syllable,  thus:  (i.)  Rock, 
rug,  rack,  rig,  rip,  rap,  rot,  rut,  rib,  red,  rich,  wretch,  rook, 
ring,  rim,  rum,  ram;  (2)  when  terminating  the  consonant  form  of  a 
word  and  followed  by  a  vowel,  thus  ;  Perry,  Parry,  bury,  berry, 
cherry,  ferry,  Ferric;  (3)  when  followed  by/",  v,  th,  dh.  s,  z,  t,  d,  ch  or 
_/,  thus:  Roof,  reeve,  Orth,  wreathe,  urso,  razee,  art,  arrayed,  arch, 
ridge,  (4)  when  r  immediately  follows  k,  g,  m,  th,  or  dh,  thus:  Core- 
geer,  mar,  theory,  thoraic;  (5)  when  r  follows  Ra  or  Hah,  thus: 
Rear,  roar,  Harry,  hurry,  hero. 

APPLICATION  OF  THE  L   STEM. 

The  rules  governing  the  uses  of  upward  and  downward  L  cannot 
be  given  till  all  the  modifications  of  consonant  stems  have  been  ex- 
plained. Chapter  XIII.  of  PART  II.  TEXT-BOOK  treates  the  /-stem 
in  all  its  relations,  the  sections  of  which  chapter,  referred  to  below, 
could  be  examined  to  advantage  in  this  connection. 

The  upward  and  downward  /,  unlike  the  upward  and  downward 
r  is  not  written  in  these  ways  so  much  for  legibility  as  to  favor  speed 
of  writing.  The  only  place  where  illegibility  or  conflict  could  occur 
is  where  the  first  and  second  rules  (below)  are  violated. 

Write  El  (downward  /)  when  preceded  by  a  vowel  and  followed 
by  k,  g,  or  m,  thus:  (i).  elk,  alack,  elect,  Alieghany,  alum,  elm; 
(2.)  When  final,  and  immediately  following/",  v,  th,  I,  Ra  and  h,  thus: 
lull,  rill,  hill  (see  section  5  of  page  66,  Part  II.);  (3.)  When  preceded 
by  n  or  tig,  thus:  Nellie,  kingly,' knell,  (see  section  3,  page  65,  Part 
II.):  (4.)  When  followed  by  the  consonant  stems  g,  n,  or  ng,  thus: 
log,  lag,  leg,  Ilion,  Olney,  lung,  Lang,  lank. 

La  (upward  /)  is  used  in  all  other  cases;  see  sections  2,  4  and  6 
of  Part  II..  Chapter  XIII.,  and  when  Part  I.  is  finished  and  thai 
chapter  reached  in  the  study  of  Part  II.  it  must  be  thoroly  mastered. 


PHONOGRAPHY.  17 


LESSON      IV. 


EXTRA   VOWELS 

AND   THEIR   SIGNS. 

1.  The  vowels  ?  in  her  and  &  in  dare  are  not  classed  in  their 
proper  places  with  the  other  long  vowels,  partly  on  account  of  such 
an  arrangement  breaking  up  the  usual  six-vowel  order  of  long  and 
short  vowels,  and  partly  because  some  fonografik  authors  do  not  pro- 
vide for  their  representation,  but  use  as  substitutes  either  the  second 
place  light  dot  I  for  the  sound  of  e  in  her  and  i  in  sir  or  the  light  dash 
«  for  u  in  cur,  and  the  second  place  heavy  dot  a  for  the  vowel  in  dare. 
It  is  much  better  that  these  distinct  sounds  have  distinct  signs  of  their 
own,  and  this  book  provides  pfoper  representation  for  them  as  fol- 
lows: 

2.  A  light  dash  written  in  second  place,  parallel  with  the  stem 
for  the  vowel  in  her,  sir,  etc.,  and  in  third  place,  parallel  with  the 

stem,   for   the  vowel   in   dare.     Illustration:    ^\    err          (l~    Goethe 
(Ge(r)tuh),        rt  air,    V/  fairy. 

/  3.  The  vowel  in  ask,  past,  alas,  etc.,  is  the  true  short  mate  of 
the  vowel  in.  far,  the  correct  sign  for  which  is  the  third  place  light  dot 
used  also  to  represent  the  sharper  vowel  heard  in  rat,  which  is  the 
short  mate  of  the  vowel  heard  in  air,  dare,  etc.  On  account  of  the 
similarity  of  these  two  vowels  it/is  not  necessary,  for  reporting  pur- 
poses, to  have  two  distinct  signs.  Should  a  distinct  sign  be  required, 
in  order  to  teach  exact  pronunciation,  the  light  third  place  parallel 
dash  can  be  used  to  represent  the  short  vowel  in  rat,  and  the  same 
sign  made  heavy  to  represent  the  long  vowel  in  dare. 

4.     The  vowel  heard  in  cur,   work,  journey,  etc.,  is  more  of  a 

guttura  than  the  one  heard  in  earnest,   mercy,  girl,  etc.,  and  is  repre- 

senied  by  the  second  place  light  dash,  as1  in  cup. 

5.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON    EXTRA   VOWELS. 


15 


SCOTT-BROVTiriFS    TEXT-BOOK 


•    6.—  WRITING   EXERCISE. 

ON  EXTRA   VOWELS. 

Goethe,  Percy,  (Ra  for  r),  mercy. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words: 

Herb,  herbage,  herbal,  earl,  early,  ergo,  air,  airy,  pair,  pare, 
pear,  bear,  bare,  barely,  tare,  dare,  Adair,  fare,  fair,  affair,  lair. 

Write  Ra  for  rin  the  following  wo^ds:  Fairy,  Thayer,  rare,  mare, 
rarer  (three  lengths  of  Ra),  thus:  ^^^ 

Fair  day.    Percy  came  early.    Poor,  cheap  fare.    Rare,  early  pear. 


PUNCTUATION,  CAPITALS,    EMPHASIS. 
i. — Th*  punctuation  marks  used  in  fonografic  writing  are: 


"I 
| 


.PERIOD — Used  at  the  end  of 
complete  sentences. 

..DASH — Used    in  a  break   of 
sentences. 

..PARENTHESIS — Used  to  en- 
close parenthetical  remarks. 

BRACKET — Used  to  enclose  re- 
marks by  reporter  or  editor. 

HYPHEN — Used    to  indicate 
compound  words. 


9 

i". 


EMPHASIS — Used    to    indicate 

••  emphatic  words  and  sen- 

tences. 

CAPITALIZER — Used  to  denote 

capitalization  or  name,    and 
the  words  equal  to. 

......PLEASANTRY  OR  LAUGHTER— 

>  Used  to  denote  mirthful 
feeling. 

INTERROGATION — Used  to  de" 

note  a  question. 

EXCLAMATION — Used  to  indi- 
cate feeling,  pathos,  won- 
der or  surprise. 


All  other   punctuation  marks  used  in  writing  and  printing  must 
be  supplied  in  the  transcripts  made  of  one's  shorthand  notes. 

2.  —  Capital  letters  are  indicated  thus: 

E,    ,   O,  Y'  N.  Y.,   ^"^      Lima> 

3.  —  In   letter   writing,  or   in   memoranda,  the  vowel  initials   of 
xi    names,   if  preferred,   can  be  expressed  by  their  signs  written  in  the 

correct  vowel  place  by  side  of  the  cancelled  Te  stem,  thus- 

IE,  -To. 

4.  —  To  indicate  emphasis  in  print,  words  are  set  in  italic  letters. 
To  indicate  emphasis  in  longhand  writing,  words  are  underscored  by 
a  straight,  horizontal  line.      To  indicate  emphasis  in  fonografic  writ- 
ing, words  are  underscored  by  a  waved  line.     Illustration: 

Best 


(7 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  19 


LESSON      V. 


DIFTHONGS,  OR   COMPOUND   VOWELS. 

i  oi  ow  ew 

My  boy's  awl  fiezo. 

DIFTHONG    SIGNS. 


2.     The  difthong  signs  are  derived  from  the  letter  \S  ,  or  in- 
clined  cross,- thus: 


Observe  that  in  writing  these  signs,    the  angle  should  be  made 
sharper  than  is  shown  in  the  cross. 

3.  The  difthong  signs   possess  fixed  values,  and  are  written  in 
the  most  convenient  place, — usually  the  third  place. 

4.  The  difthong  following  r,  as  in  rude,  rumor,  rule,  etc.,  is  not 
so  sharp  as  that  heard  \npure,  cure,  beauty,  etc.,  but  the  same  sign  is 
used  to  represent  both. 

5.  Initial  difthongs  should  be  written  first,  and,  if  convenient, 
joined  to  the  following  stem.     Illustration:     I.  Ida,  ^,  ivy,    J  ice. 


6.—  READING   EXERCISE 

ON   DIFTHONGS. 


W       (y.      X        5J     *)        J, 

V. 


A 


20  SCOTT.RROWN&S  TEXT- BOOK 


7.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON   DIFTHONGS. 

Pie,  tie,  Ida,  Ike,  Guy,  fie,  vie,  ivy,  thigh,  sigh,  ice,  eyes,  shy, 
He,  lye,  ally,  nigh,  high,  isle,  aisle,  pipe,  pike,  pile,  abide,  byway, 
tidy,  tithe,  time,  tiny,  dike,  dime,  idol,  chime,  China,  jibe,  kite, 
chyle,  chyme,  guide,  guile,  Fido,  five,  shiny,  like,  life,  alive,  lime, 
imbibe,  mighty,  mile,  knife,  hypo,  height,  hide. 

Boy,  boil,  toy,  toil,  joy,  coy,  coil,  Voy,  avoid,  alloy,  oil,  annoy, 
noisy,  ahoy. 

Bow,  Dow,  cow,  vow,  row,  owl,  owlish  (piv-La-Sha),  chow-chow, 
couch,  gouge,  fowl,  foul,  avowed,  vouch,  loud,  mouth. 

Pew,  dew,  adieu,  due,  chew,  Jew,  cue,  thew,  Sue,  lieu,  hew,  hue, 
Hugh,  huge,  beauty,  duty,  dupe,  duke,  eschew,  juror,  juicy,  July, 
Jehu,  cube,  imbue,  mule. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Ire,  pyre,  attire,  dire, 
gyre  (Ja-Er),  fire,  lyre,  tire,  Irish  (i-Er-Ish],  toiler,  lure,  allure 
(El-Er). 

Write  /v'a  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Rye,  wry,  ripe,  right, 
rite,  write,  Wright,  arrive,  writhe,  irate,  aright,  mire,  roy,  roil  (Ra- 
El),  roilly  ('\a-La},  rout,  rowdy,  rue,  pursue,  bureau,  jury,  fury, 
furore,  rude,  review. 

V\"rite  El  for  /  in  the  following  words:  File,  Nile,  foil,  roil, 
lloy'e.  fowl,  foul. 


OP  PHONO  GRAPHY. 


LESSON     VI 


JOINED  VOWEL-TICKS. 

i.  A  vowel  (belonging  either  to  the  dot  or  dash  class),  following 
a  difthong,  is  more  quickly  and  conveniently  represented  by  a  small 
tick  joined  to  the  difthong  sign,  and  written  in  the  direction  of  Te 
on  oi  and  ew,  and  of  Ka  on  i  and  ow. 


2.— READING  EXERCISE 

ON  JOINED  VOWEL  TICKS. 


3.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON  JOINED  VOWEL  TICKS. 

Iota,  Iowa,  lona,  piety,  pious,  bias,  Tioga,  diet,  dial,  Viola, 
scion,  Zion,  boyish,  coyish,  voyage,  towel,  dewy,  Dewey,  Jewess, 
duel,  dual,  jewel,  Jewish,  Shuey,  annuity. 

Write  Er  for  r  in  the  following  words:  Dyer,  power,  tower, 
dower,  shower,  jeweler,  fewer,  sewer,  newer. 

Write  Ra  for  r\\\  the  following  words:  Diary,  fiery,  riot,  Ryan, 
miry,  higher,  royal  (Ka-El)  royally  (fia-La),  cower,  Rowell  (Ra-EI), 
jewelry,  ruin,  renewal  (^/stem),  hewer. 

Write  El  for  /  in  the  following  words:  Vial,  viol,  lion,  royal, 
vowel,  Roweil,  Howell,  fuel,  Newell,  renewal. 


23  SCOTT.&ROWN&S  TEXT-BOOK 

CIRCLES    AND   LOOPS. 

LESSON      VII. 


BRIEF   ADDITIONAL  SIGNS   FOR   5  AND   Z. 

1.  The   frequently  occurring  sounds  of  s  and  *  are,  in  a  large 
class  of  words,  represented  by  a  small  circle,  o  ,  named  Is  or  /z,  used 
at  the  beginning  of  stems,  between  stems,  and  at  the  end  of  stems, 
thus  securing  convenience  in  joining,  brevity  of  outline,  and  greater 
ease  and  rapidity  in  writing. 

2.  The  circle  is  joined  to  straight  stems  by  a  leftward  motion 
of  the  pen,  moving  in  three  distinct  directions,  as  shown  in  this  little 
square  joined  initially  to  the  Pe  stem,    \    ,  while  a  fourth  direction 
forms  the  stem. 

3.  The  circle  is  always  written  on  the  concave  side  of  a  curve 
thus:    ^_ 

4.  In  joining  the  circle  to  any  stem,  either  initially  or  finally, 
let  the  first  and  last  movements  be  at  right  angles  with  the  stem. 
Illustration: 

.S*..N».    ....L       C  66.  t_fl    o_C...      </     J        ....£..   ^. 

^.o   Vo>      CC       <yO      cu^o/         fa      C*     <T^>   <Ob      b    ^  ^ 

Let  the  learner  practise  on  the  squares  until  without   their   aid  a 
perfect  circle  can  be  easily  formed. 

5.  The  circle  has  no  effect  upon  vowelization.     A  vowel  heard 
either   before  or  after  a  consonant   represented  by  a  stem  is  always 
written  before  or  after  the  stem,  whether  a  circle  is  on  the  stem  or 

\p  v  q  1  *P 

up.    \,    tup,    \v  pie,     \v  spy,          eat,          seat, 

_L_  ache,  QJ!_  sake. 

6.  A  vowel  is  never  read  before  an  initial  circle.     The  initial 
circle  always  reads  first,  and  then  any  vowel  that  may  be  before  the 
stem,   and  then  the  stem,  and  then  any  vowel  that  may  follow  the 

stem.     Illustration:      \  settee,     .jy-    satiety,  ~\.     soda.     See   page  24. 
line  4. 


OP    PHONOGRAPHY. 


7.  Initial  s  is  expressed  on  the  Hah  stem  by  a  circle  in  the  place 
of  the  hook.     Illustration:    <5*C"  Soho.   See  line  4,  seventh  and  eighth 
words  of  page  24. 

8.  Initial  z  is  always  represented  by  the  stem.     See  page  25, 
line  16. 

9.  The  circle  at  the  end  of  stems  is  always  read  last.     A  vowel 
cannot  read  after  a  circle  because  the  circle  furnishes  no  places  in 
which  three  different  vowels  could  be  written.     See  page  24,  line  5. 

10.  A  circle  between    two  straight  stems    running  in  the  same 
direction,  is  written  by  the  same  motion  of  the  pen  as  the  circle  on  a 
single  straight  stem.     See  page  24,  line  6. 

11.  A  circle  between  straight  stems,  struck  in  different  directions, 
is  written  outside  of  the  angle.     See  page  24,  line  7. 

12.  A  circle  between  a  straight  line  and  a  curve,  is  always  written 
on  the  concave  side  of  the  curve.     See  page  25,  line  8. 

13.  A  circle  between  Em  and  any  other  curve,  when  it  cannot 
come  within  the  curve  of  both  stems,  is  written  on  the  concave  side 
of  Em.     See  page  25,  line  9. 

14.  A  circle  between  Ef,  Un,  and  La,  and  between  La  and  Ve, 
and  La  and  Ith,  is  written  on  the  concave  side  of  La.     See   page  25, 
line  10. 

15.  The  circle  between  other  curve  combinations  is  written  on 
the  concave  side  of  both  curves.     See  page  25,  line  n. 

LARGE    CIRCLE    FOR   SES,    SEZ,    ZEZ. 

1  6.     The  double  sound  of  s  or  z  —  ses,  see,  zez—is  expressed  by  a 
large  circle  in  such  words  as  — 


\o  ........  <o  ........  6 


passes,       possess,        teases,       possessed,        excessive,          races. 

17.  The  use  of  a  double-sized  circle  to  express  the  double  sound 
of  s  and  z,  allows  the  plural  ending  of  words  to  be  formed  in  analogy 
with  words  in  the  singular  number  terminating  with  the  small  circle. 
Illustration: 


piece,         pieces,          case,          cases,  rose, 


24  SCOTT-BROWNE  'S  TEXT-BOOK 

also  the  third  person  singular  of  such  verbs  as  end  with  the  small 
circle  is  expressed  with  the  large  circle.     Illustration: 

..................  C  .............  6  ..................  A  ...  ........  ^_  .............. 

toss,  tosses,  rise,  rises. 

See  page  25,  lines  12  and  13. 

18.     A  third  sound  of  s  following  ses,  sez,  zez,  is  expressed  by  a 
small  circle  on  the  back  of  the  large  circle.     Illustration: 


possesses,       abscesses,  excesses,          successes,  recesses. 

See  page  25,  line  14. 

19.  The  vowel  /,  heard  in  sez,  is  never  written;  but  if  any  atfar 
vowel  than  /  occurs  between  the  s  or  z  sounds,  it  is  written  if  legi- 
bility requires  it.  Illustration: 


exist,  exhaust,  basis,  bases, 

See  page  25,  line  15. 

Initial  Z  must  be  expressed  by  the  stem.       See  line  16,  page  25. 
ao.—  READING   EXERCISE 

ON   CIRCLES. 

-**  .......  \  .......  :\  .....  f  ......  f-  ......  Ov  <r  vf  * 

2'/°          f.  .......  &_  .....  04,  ......  oJL...i_       ^       o_       o__A      o_: 

3-°^..  ^  ..:*>  .......  v°).  j  .c..  ^  Ji  ^  ^ 

4-f         -f.        o^.     ^       K....V       V<       o^'      tfV        (5^ 

5.x    V    X  .....  V  .......  f     t    /*    •/      ,.    x 

6-  L- 

r 

-•-         IVr.   t  .....  T^s   '~\    Tf 


OP    PHONOGRAPHY. 


r.....T  c...c 


ai.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON  CIRCLES. 

Soap,  soup,  sips,  saps,  seat,  stays,  stows,  stew,  suit,  sight,  sty, 
seed,  said,  sad,  sawed,  sowed,  soda,  suds,  seeds,  sage,  sages,  seig.  , 
sedge,  sausages,  seek,  sake,  sick,  sacks,  success,  successes,  Sussex, 
sag,  sago,  safe,  sofa,  save,  seive,  sythe,  size,  sizes,  seize,  seizes, 
sash,  sashes,  seal,  seals,  sails,  sale,  solo,  sorry,  sorrows,  sore,  sere, 
sour,  sire,  sir,  Sam,  seam,  sum,  psalm,  sin,  son,  sun,  sane,  sign, 
sneeze,  snows,  sing,  sang,  sung,  sway,  sways,  Swiss,  Soho,  Sahara. 

Pass,  piece,  peace,  passes,  pieces,  pace,  paces,  pause,  pauses, 
posses,  possesses,  base,  bays,  boys,  abase,  abases,  abuse,  abscess, 
abscesses,  tease,  teases,  days,  dose,  doze,  dozes,  disease,  diseases, 
cheese,  cheeses,  chase,  chews,  etches,  ages,  joys,  Jews,  juice,  rejoice, 
rejoices,  kiss,  kisses,  Cass,  Cass's,  case,  cases,  oaks.,  aches,  echoes, 
ox,  ax,  axes,  axis,  axes,  excess,  excesses,  excuse,  excuses,  exercise, 
exercises,  exercised,  guess,  guesses,  gaze,  geese,  goose,  gas,  gases, 
gauze,  Guy's,  face,  faces,  vase,  vases,  vice,  vices,  voice,  voices 


26  SCOTT-BROWNS S   TEXT-BOOK 

rows,  views,  reviews,  thighs,  oaths,  shows,  shoes,  ashes,  lace,  laces( 
loose,  looses,  lose,  loses,  lease,  allays,  alleys,  Ellis,  Alice,  raise,  (Ra 
for  r)  raises,  race,  races,  recess,  recesses,  rise;  arise,  (Er  for  r)  arises, 
arouse,  arouses,  erase,  erases,  ears,  oars,  errs,  airs,  miss,  misses, 
muss,  aims,  noise,  annoys,  noises,  nose,  niece,  nice,  ounce,  ounces, 
woes,  woos,  yeas,  hose,  haze,  hiss,  hisses,  house,  houses,  hews, 
hues,  Hughes,  hies,  Hayes,  pushes,  bushes,  tushes  (upward  stem,  SAat 
for  sh  following  Te,  De,  Ef,  La,  Ra,  and  Hah),  dishes,  dashes,  fishes, 
lashes,  luscious,  rushes,  hushes,  possessed,  pacify,  passive,  passeth, 
pestle  (p-s-l),  puzzle,  poison,  obesity,  beset,  besides,  beseech,  basks, 
abusive,  bustle  (b-s-l),  baser,  besom,  business,  basin,  baseness,  ab. 
sence,  upset,  tasty,  outside,  task,  tassel,  teasel,  desk,  dusk,  dusky, 
dusty,  decides,  decisive,  diseased,  docile  (either  upward  or  downard  /), 
desire,  desirous,  disrobe,  dislike,  dispels,  disloyal,  dozen,  Chesapeake, 
chosen,  chisel,  Jason,  jostle,  cusp,  cask,  cassock,  excessive,  chasm, 
cosmos,  cousin,  Casino,  castle  (k-s-f),  Castile  (k-s-t-l),  gasp,  gossip, 
gusto,  guzzle,  fiasco,  fizzle  (El  stem),  fos.l,  vessel,  vassal,  visage, 
thistle  (El  stem),  .lisp,  receive  (r-s-v),  misty,  mask,  listen  (El  stem) 
lessen,  lesson,  loosen,  reason,  risen,  rosin,  resume  remiss,  missile, 
muzzle,  music,  musk,  mosque,  mistletoe  (w-z-/i,  mouser  (Ra  stem), 
miser,  misery,  honesty,  nasty,  necessity,  necessary,  nestle,  nozzle, 
insist,  resist,  subsist,  desist,  system,  scissors,  saucer,  season,  Susan, 
schism,  Sicily,  successive,  unsafe,  unseen,  Owasco,  anxiety,  anxious 
(Ing-Ish-ls),  hasty,  hastily,  husk,  hassock,  husky,  hustle  (La  stem), 
hasten,  Hosannah,  hussar  (.Ka  stem'* 

SHORT   SENTENCES. 

Miss  Dewey's  roses.  Laura's  peaches.  Olive's  mosses.  Leave 
Johnny's  books.  Naughty  Darius  Howe  chews  gum.  Katie 
loves  nice,  rich  coffee.  Miss  Lillie  Snow  ate  savory  soup 
Choose  right  ways.  Resist  laziness.  Lizzie  eats  ripe,  juicy  pears. 
Maurice's  slow  coacii.  Sadie's  ice  houses.  Newell  Dyer's  sons  rise 
early.  Viola  passes  Jennie's  house.  Sadie  supposes  wrongs.  Lucy 
loves  Johnny.  ,  Susan  rose  sad.  Lizzie  sings  Katie's  merry  song. 
Johnny's  cows '-eat  husks.  Dogs  chase  cows.  Mollie  hates  snow. 
Chicago's  chime-bells  ring  merry  music.  Tommy's  owl  cats  mice- 
Honesty  satisfies  reason.  Boys  leap  slow.  Lena  loves  rainj 
days.  Seek  happiness. 


Of    PHONOGRAPHY.  87 


LESSON    VIII. 


LOOPS    FOR   ST  AND   STX. 

1.  A  small  loop  written  initially  on  stems  expresses  initial  st 
sounds;  written  finally,  expresses  final  st  or  zd  sounds.    Illustration: 

\  step,  ']  state,  c»s_  steak,  .f~  still,  J  star,  tS  starry, 
er\  stem  .^I>  stony,  ^-  past  or  passed,  —*=>  guest  or  guessed,  s~** 
mist  or  missed,  "^-J?  honest,  ^i<  abused,  —f*  gazed,  &  Caroused,  «^A 
housed.  See  lines  1-3  below. 

2.  A   large   final    loop  on   stems   expresses   str.     Illustration: 
^.   pastor,     o~   toaster,    vb"     faster,     r^    Lester,     0'    yester.     See 
line  4  below. 

3.  A  circle  in  written  on  the  back  of  loops  to  express  s  or  t  fol- 

v/  \/ 

lowing  st  or  t/r.  Illustration:  **  posts,  **>  pesters.  See  line  5 
below. 

4.  The  loops  can  be  used  in  the  middle  of  words  provided,  at 
the  point  of  junction,  the  stems  do  not  cross  each  other.    If  the  stems 
cross,  the  loop  is  reduced  to  the  value  of  the  s  circle.     Illustration: 
t— '  destiny,  5>0t  testify,    u.  yesterday.     See  line  6  below. 

5.— READING    EXERCISE 

ON   ST   AND    STR    LOOP. 


I..'  \ A.     ..'!. 

V          V          (•  1            /  \           s° 

2.  ;\> x      .&  .fc< ^ t  ^  ..Ss»  ...t7...  ,/„* 

^                       /?                 "~X  S"^?  /                       — ^"                  — -; 

4-..Xi tr /•  ^    ^5  ...(9....  ^ ^    ko 


28  SCOTT-BROWtfFS  TEXT-BOOK 

6.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON  ST  AND  STR  LOOPS. 

Steep,  step,  stop,  stoop,  stab,  stub,  stale,  stout,  steady,  study, 
stitch,  stage,  steak,  stake,  stick,  stack,  stalk,  stock,  stuck,  stucco, 
stag,  stiff,  stuff,  staff,  stave,  stove,  Stacy,  steal,  steel,  stale,  stall 
stole,  stool,  still,  stilly,  Stella,  style,  steer,  star,  store,  starry,  story, 
steam,  stem,  stony,  sting,  stung. 

Pieced,  paste,  paced,  pest,  pester,  past,  passed,  posts,  posters, 
beasts,  baste,  boasts,  boaster,  boost,  bust,  busts,  abased,  abused, 
teased,  taste,  toast,  toaster,  tests,  attest,  dost,  dust,  dusters,  adduced, 
doused,  chaste,  chased,  chests,  Chester's,  jests,  joist,  cased,  kissed, 
.ast,  castor,  coast,  coaster,  costs,  Custer's,  gazed,  guests,  guessed, 
ghosts,  aghast,  feasts,  faced,  fist,  fast,  faster,  fussed,  Foster,  vest, 
vast,  vaster,  least,  laced,  list,  lest,  Lester's,  last,  luster,  loosed, 
erased,  erst,  arrest,  aroused,  raced,  roast,  roaster,  wris*  mst.  roused, 
roosts,  roosters,  mists,  missed,  «ists,  masters,  amassed,  amused, 
most,  musters,  nests,  Nast,  honest,  Nestor,  songster,  song- 

sters, waste,  waists,  West,  Wistar,  Worcester  (Wooster),  yeast, 
yester. 

Artist  (Ra  for  r),  artists,  reduced,  richest,  rejoiced,  refused,  re- 
rised,  upraised,  ballast,  tallest,  utmost,  teamster,  dullest,  coolest, 
calmest,  mildest,  forests,  forester,  fensed,  evinced,  announced, 

7- — SHORT    SENTENCES. 

Lester  likes  rest.  Teamster  Post  chased  Chester  West.  Wistar's 
stomache  stuff.  Worcester's  best  yeast.  Coolest,  dullest^  tallest  for- 
ester. Songsters  sing  artistic  music,  announced.  Stella's  music  kissed 
starry  luster  in  stilly  eve.  Jack's  master  testifies  last.  Costly  stove 
paste.  Jesters  master  songsters.  Teamsters  waste  costly  dusters. 
Artistic  songsters  master  music.  Hester  testifies  lest  ministers 
sophistry  master  reason. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  29 


SEMICIRCLES    AND    HOOK. 

LESSON     IX. 


BRIEF  SIGNS   FOR    WA   AND    YA. 

SEMICIRCLES. 

<  We;  3  wa,    »  y/,  A  YU. 

1.  Small  semicircles  for  w  and  y  are  employed  in  a  large  class 
of  words,  adding  greatly  to  legibility,  and  facilitating  ease  and  speed 
of  writing.     Illustration: 

.A k i ; ^.....i ^ **±-'£. 

•weep,      -web,     waits,    watch,    walks,    yacht,     yokes,     unyoke,  yellow. 

2.  The  small  circle  is  conveniently  written  within  W/and  W& 
signs  to  exoress  sw  in  certain  words.     Illustration: 

A 1.      L     ...o... 


sweep,  sweet,  swig,  swings,          suavity, 

WA   HOOK  ON  LA,    RA,    EM,    UN. 

3.  Brief  Wa  is  joined  to  La,  Ra,  Em,  and  Un,  as  a  hook.  Illus- 
tration: (j     wail,  £^  wore,  <rS  wem,  ^_^  wen.  See  next  page,  lines  6-7. 

4.  The  circle  for  initial  s  is  written  on  the  Wa  hook  of  Ra,  but 
never  on  the  hooks  of  La,  Em,  and   Un — the  circle  and    Wa  stem 
being  used  for  sw  preceding  these  three  stems.  Illustration:  e^  swore, 
<rY^>  swells.     See  next  page,  line  8. 

VI,  YOI,  vow. 

5.  The  trifthongs  yi,  yoi,  yow,  are  expressed  by  brief  Ya  joined 
to  the  difthong  signs.     Illustration: 


genii,  Honeoye,  meow. 

NOTE  (a). — In  joining  Wu  to  Pe,  Be,  Ka,  Ga,  and  Ing,  observe 
that  the  motions  of  the  pen  are  similar  to  those  made  in  forming  a 
plain  figure  z. 

(6). — In  joining  Wf  to  Te,  De,  Cha,  Ja,  and  Ish,  observe  that 
the  motions  of  the  pen  are  like  those  made  in  forming  a  figure  9, 
vvhile  Yl  is  joined  to  Te,  De,  and  Ith,  by  a  motion  similar  to  th?f  in 
•  •.•mi ing  a  figure  7. 


80  SCOTT-BROWNS:  s  TEXT-BOOK 


6.—  READING   EXERCISE 


7.— WRITING    EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  SIGNS. 

Wipe,  web,  Webster,  witty,  wittily,  wet,  wettest,  wait,  witticism, 
weeds,  wade,  wades,  widows,  widest,  witch,  bewitch,  watch,  wage, 
wedge,  weak,  wake,  walk,  woke,  wicks,  wax,  waxes,  waxed,  wigs, 
wife,  waif,  woof,  weave,  weaves,  wives,  withe,  wash,  wing,  wings. 

Sweep,  swop,  swoop,  swab,  sweet,  sweeter,  sweetest,  sweetly, 
•weat,  Swede,  swayed,  switch,  swig,  suave,  suavity,  swath,  swathe, 
swash,  swing,  swung,  assuage,  assuages,  unswayed,  unswathe, 
Zouave. 

Weal,  wail,  wall,  wallow,  wool,  wooly,  Wallace,  Willis,  Wells, 
willow,  welcome,  wellfare,  wealth,  unwell,  unwieldy,  unwelcome, 
wealthy,  Willoughby,  war,  wore,  weary,  wary,  worry,  wear,  ware, 
wares,  beware,  worse,  worst,  worth,  worthless,  worthy,  unworthy, 
warm,  worm,  wormwood,  swore,  swear,  swears,  soiree,  swarm, 
swarms,  swarthy,  wammel,  wem,  wean,  wane,  win,  wins,  winnow, 
wtn,  wan,  won,  wanes,  wince,  winces,  winced,  windy,  window. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


31 


queen,  queenly,  quince,  quinces,  equinox,  twine,  twines,  entwine, 
twin,  twins,  twain,  twinge,  twinges,  piquancy,  twirl,  queer,  qualm, 
wigwam,  quincy,  quench,  quinzy,  quantum,  Dwinnell,  quano,  query, 
quarry,  Edwin. 

Yacht,  yoke,  unyoke,  yak,  youth,  Uriah,  Yulee,  Yale,  yell, 
yellow,  yellowish,  (upward  stem  for  sA),  yawl,  yelp,  yelk,  yore, 
(Er  stem),  yarrow,  (fia  s'.em),  yam,  yon,  yawns,  Eunice,  uinique, 
unity,  young,  youngster,  yank. 

Genii,  Honeoye,  meow. 

8. — SHORT   SENTENCES. 

Willie  Wallace  works.  Willie  Woods  sings  sweetly.  Eunice 
waxes  warm.  Young  Yulee's  yacht.  Worthy's  young  wife.  Win- 
nie's weak  kitty  "  meows  "  Wednesday.  Yellow  dogs  wag  yellow 
tails.  Wet  dogs  yelp.  Willis  sweeps.  Edwin's  wife  walks  Wednes- 
day. Wage  war  young  swells,  unworthy  youths.  Willie's  bees 
swarm  warm  windy  wet  days.  Swing  young  wives  sweetly.  Dis- 
suade Webster's  unwelcome  youngster.  Welcome  wealth,  worthy 
youths. 


83 


SCOTT.BROWNSTS  TEXT-BOOK 


LESSON      X. 


BRIEF   WA  AND   YA  SIGNS  DISJOINED. 

1.  The  semicircles  for  the  coalescents,  W(od)  Y(e)  cannot  be  con- 
veniently joined  between  stems  or  at  the  end  of   stems,  in  a  large 
class  of   words — especially  words  containing  the  y(e)  element — and 
are,  therefore,  disjoined  and  written  in  the  vowel  places,  taking  the 
order  of  vowel  sounds  and  made  heavy  when  in  the  place  of  long 
vowels  and  light  when  in  the  place  of  short  ones. 

2.  Tabular  view  of  brief  Wa  and  Ya  in  vowel  places: 

WA    SERIES. 


wit 
wet 
•wag 

•wot 

WUIl 

wool 


yit 

yet 

yak 

yon 

Yucatan 


Long. 

Short. 

we 

in 

week 

c  wl 

in 

wa 

• 

wake 

c  we 

M 

wa 

< 

•waft 

c  wa 

u 

wa 

In 

wall 

j  WO 

In 

wo 

u 

woke 

3  WU 

M 

woo 

H 

wooed 

0  WOO 

M 

TA       6EE1ES. 


Long. 


y« 
ya 

ya 

ya 
'yo 
yoo 


year 
yale 
yard 

yawn 
yoke 
you 


yi 

ye 
ya 

yo 
yu 
yoo 


Short. 
in 


In 


NOTE  (a). — The  w  signs  are  made  from  a  circle  cut  in  two  verti- 
cally, thus:  Q  while  for  the  y  signs  it  is  cut  in  two  horizontally, 
thus:  -£>- 

(V). — The  10  sign  in  dot  vowel  places  opens  to  the  right,  or 
towards  the  east,  while  the  w  sign  in  dash  vowel  places  opens  to  the 
left  or  towards  the  west;  and  the  y  sign  in  dot  vowel  places  opens 
upward,  or  towards  the  north,  while  the  y  sign  in  dash  vowel  places, 
opens  down-ward,  or  towards  the  south. 

NOTE  (c). — Observe  that  the  vowel  sound  in  Wf  and  Yl  is  that 
of  a  dot  vowel,  hence  Wl  and  Yi  are  the  signs  used  in  the  dot-vow^ 
places. 

(d). — The  vowel  sound  in  Wii  and  Yti  is  that  of  a  dash  vowel, 
hence  IV&  and  Yii  are  used  in  dash-vowel  places. 


OP    PHONOGRAPHY. 


W  AND  Y  EQUIVALENTS. 

3.  Before  giving  a  list  of  words  illustrating  the  use  of  the  dis- 
joined semicircles,  it  will  be  an  advantage  to  the  student  to  under- 
stand clearly  the  alfabetic  equivalents  of  w  and  y. 

The  sound  represented  by  «•  is  the  same  as  «  in  quick  and  nearly 
the  same  as  oo  iu  coo  (being  briefer  in  pronunciation  than  oo,  and  in 
some  words  more  like  oo  in  foot},  and  the  final  element  of  the  dif- 
thongs  o,  ow,  ew,  —  as  will  be  easily  perceived  by  the  slow  pronuncia- 
tion of  o=ff-oo\  oiv=ah-oo,  ew=e-oo. 


4.  The  sounds  represented  by  y  in  fou  and  pity  are  the  same  as 
e  in  be  and  f  in  it;  but,  when  followed  by  another  vowel  sound  in  such 
words  as  beauL?0«s,  -opzVxte,   etc.,  thi*'  e  becomes  shorter  and  the  I 
sharper,  producing  a  snVrt  sound  J#ce  unaccented  e  in  the  syllable  be 
in  behold.    Y-a,  e-a,  and  i-)v  y~o,  e-f,  and  l-o,  when  quickly  pronounced, 
are  one  and  the  same  things.  For'  example,  the  syllable  to  in  folio,  can 
be  spelt  three  ways  —  folio,  foijp,  folyo  —  and  indicate  the  same  pronun- 
ciation. 

5.  The   following  Wrds  Contain  10(00)  and  y(e*)  sounds   repre- 
sented in  different  ways  by  alfabetvk  equivalents,  without  changing  the 
pronunciation:   Iowa=—  Jo-ooa=—  Ioa\  Owen=»Oooen==Oen;    bowie=— 
bo-ooy  —  bo-i;    boa  —/bo-oca  ^bowa\   bivouac  =  bivooac  =  bivwac, 
quick—  kooik=-kwik/twig=-tooig=tuigv\veet=-sooeet=sueet  ;  Yale— 
£ale=-Iale=;  yanljr—  5ank==iank;  India^-  Indea-=Indya;  opiate  — 
opeSte=opyate  ;  ^theist—athl-Ist—  athyist\carrier—  carre-er=carry- 
er;  anterior=aj^ereor-=antery-or. 

6.  There  are  a  few  words  in  which  the  sj?Uabication  might  seem 
changed  by  t/ie  use  of  a  sign  that   suggested   tKe  letter  y  —  such  as 

v  t>25/'       /  y  \ 

V-*^  barfier,  r^y^  merrier,  the  fonografic  forms  of  which  sug- 
gest the  spelling  of  the  words  with  a  y  and  two  r's,  \nstead  of  three, 
thus:  meryer,  baryer,  and  syllabized  thus,  mer-yer,  bar-ytr,  instead  of 
thus,  mery-er,  bary-er;  but  as  there  are  no  such  words  as  mer-yer  and 
bar-yer,  no  confusion  can  arise  by  the  use  of  the  y  sign.  The  words 
collier  (yer),  lawyer,  etc.,  would  never  be  pronounced  colly-er,  laivy-er, 
for  the  reason  that  there  are  no  such  words  in  the  language.  English 
speaking  students  will  have  no  difficulty  in  distinguishing  between 
these  two  classes  of  words. 


_34 SCOTT.BROWNJFS  TRXT-BOOK 

7.  There  are  a  few  concurrent  vowels — the  initial  one  of  which 
is  accented — which  better  be  expressed  by  their  separate  signs,  thus: 

I k> I* IL, ,2^ ^ <L 

idfat        pean,        seance,         eon,  eolis,          Leo,        Leon, 

writing  nearest  to  the  stem  that  vowel  which  is  heard  next  to  the 
stem. 

8.  \he  concurrent  vowels  in  such  words  as  bowie,  boa,  doughy, 
Owen,  etc.,  fcre  more  conveniently  and  quickly  expressed  by  the  dash 
for  o  and  a  brief^a;  sign  joined,  than  by  the  exact  vowel  signs  written 
separately — taking\advantage  of  the  terminal  oo  or  w  element  of  o, 
and  representing  it  by  the  brief  w  sign,  which  sign  carries  with  it,  or, 
at  least,  suggests  on  account  of  its  names,   We  and  Wu,  an  accom- 
panying short  vowel  sound,  dot  or  dash,  according  to  the  direction  in 
which  it    opens.    Illustration":  \^    bowie,     [*   doughy,    vl^/  or  si> 
Owen,     &     oasis  —  using     '    Wl,    because  it   represents   w  with   a 

dot  vowel  sound  following  it.        \     boa,    v_y  Noah  —  using    3    Wu, 
jr  ^*L          S 

because  it  represents  w  with  a  dash  vowel  sound  following  it  —  the 
vowel  sound*  in  these  words  being  invariably  pronounced  in  ordinary 
speech  (even  by  the  best  scholars),  nearer  like^the  vowel  in  up  than 
liks^short  ah.  By  taking  advantage  of  this  pronunciation  a  distinction 

can   be   made  between    \    boa,    and     N     bowie    \ /  Noe  and   v^ 

Noah,  etc.,  etc. 

NOTE. — While  it  may  seem  teaching  a  tautophonical  pronuncia- 
tion to  represent  the  vanish  or  terminal  sound  of  o  by  both  the  o  dash 
and  brief  w  sign  attached  to  the  o  dash,  it  is  necessary  to  so  repre- 
sent it  in  order  to  secure  a  sign  that  will  join  legibly  to  the  dash  and 
at  the  same  time  represent,  or  suggest,  the  short  vowel  sound  follow- 
ing the  o  sound.  The  student  may  regard  that  the  dash  represents 
the  radical  or  initial  sound  of  o  (short,  as  in  whole),  while  the  w  sign 
represents  both  the  vanish  or  terminal  sound  of  o  and  the  short  vowel 
following  it;  or  he  may,  if  preferred,  regard  the  dash  as  representing 
full  a,  and  brief  w  sign  as  representing  only  the  short  vowel  follow- 
ing. Either  way,  it  expresses  the  same  thing. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  85 


g.     The  concurrent  vowels  of  poet,  poem,  bowie,  boa,  towage,  Zoe, 
Noe,  if  expressed  by  their  separate  signs,  are  written  thus: 

3  Jt=*; * ^ *~ y 

their  joined  signs,  thus: 


h 


It  will  be  seen  that  the  joined  signs  are  more  readily  and  quickly 
made,  for  the  following  reasons:  The  student  does  not  have  to  think 
of  the  particular  place  by  the  side  of  the  consonant  stem  in  which  to 
write  the  sign  of  the  second  vowel,  and  does  not  have  to  lose  time  in 
pen-liftings  or  in  going  back  to  place  the  vowel  to  a  downward  stem, 
as  in  the  words  poet,  towage,  etc.  Besides,  it  enables  the  vowels  to 
be  read  in  their  proper  order,  forward  or  downward,  instead  of  back- 
ward or  upward,  as  in  the  words  bowie,  towage,  etc.,  where  the  sepa- 
rate signs  are  written. 

10.  The  concurrent  vowels  in  deity,  deist,  etc.,  can  be  quickly 

and   legibly  expressed  by  a  single      sign,    thus:        deity,      fc      deist, 

C\"      I" 
theist,  etc.,  instead  of  thus:     I.        D       etc. 

11.  Concurrent  vowels  having    any  other  than  e,  I,  y,  oo,  o,  TV, 
for  the  initial  vowel   must   be   expressed   by   separate   signs,    thus: 
\     payee.      )l     Isaiaji,     C'\     or  i*  I      laity,     '    I    or         I    gayety, 
^~"^   rawish. 

12.—  READING   EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  DISJOINED. 


Nr    or  V        \^  or  V>     \       H    or  \c.      \O    .      N        fc 

&...);!  .........  i>  ......  i)  .......  U 

X...  L.  ^-..  .....  v  .....  £  .....  EL 


SCOTT-BROWNS S   TEXT-BOOK 


*  ...v? 


* 

i 


-k K.. 


•-E-V-V-E 


Xx 


13.—  WRITING  EXERCISE 

ON  BRIEF  WA  AND  YA  DISJOINED. 

Poets,  poetic,  poem,  bowie-knife,  boa,  towage,  doughy,  Zoe, 
showy,  Louis  (Lool),  lower,  Louisa,  rower,  mower,  Noe,  Noel, 
Noah,  hoer,  oasis,  oases,  stoic,  Stowell,  snowy,  slowest,  soloist. 

Opiate,  barrier,  carrier,  merrier,  Collier,  lawyer,  piano,  fiasco, 
geology,  theology,  theory,  theories,  theorize,  theorized,  Zenobia, 
Zenia,  area,  Arabia,  mania,  ammonia,  India,  olio,  folio,  folios, 
foliage,  deist,  deistic,  theist,  atheist,  atheistic,  atheistical,  atheistic- 
ally,  atheism,  insignia,  maniac,  superior,  exterior,  inferior,  interior, 
anterior,  odious,  odium,  idiom,  idiot,  idiocy,  idiotic,  piteous,  beau- 
teous, tedious,  copious,  copiously,  furious,  various,  impious,  happier, 
happiest,  wealthier,  wealthiest,  worthier,  worthiest,  balmiest,  funni- 
est, studious,  studiously,  dubious,  curious,  tinier,  tiniest,  sorriest, 
silliost,  annual,  manual,  biennial. 

Payee,  pean,  idea,  gayety.  stance,  Isaiah,  laity,  Leo,  Leon, 
eolis,  rawish,  eon, 


OF  PHONO  GRAPHY.  37 


ASPIRATE    TICK,    HEH. 

LE  SSON      XI. 


HEH   ON   STEMS. 

i.     A  small  inclined  tick  for  initial  A,  is  used  on  the  following 
stems:   Em,  Er,  and  VVa.      Illustration: 


home,  homely,  harm,  whistle. 

2.  He/i  is  also  used  on  the  joined  brief  w  signs  and  hook,  made 
in  the  direction  of  Pe  or  Cha,  and  written  upward  or  downward 
according  to  convenience  of  joining.  Ilustration: 

......  *S  ..........  \  ..........  *_•     ...\~  .....  3T  ......  ^  .......  .0  .........  jr\- 

whip,     wheat,     whack,     whiff,     whale,     whir,     whine,     whim, 


3.— READING   EXERCISE 

ON  ASPIRATE  TICK. 

r>    ..^TN^V..    .rVr^p 


i 


.^-  .  V    A 5 \r. 


rzr.. 


4.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

ON   ASPIRATE  TICK. 

Hymn,  hem,  ham,  hum,  hemal,  Hummel,  homely,  homeliness, 
homeless,  homelike,  homicide,  homo,  homily,  hominy,  humility, 
hammock,  harm,  harmless,  harmony,  harmonize. 

Whey,  whoa,  whiz,  whizzes,  whist,  whisker,  whizzed,  whistle, 
whistler,  whisk,  whiskey,  whiskers. 

Whip,  Whipple,  whop,  whopper,  wheat,  Whateley,  Whitelaw, 
whittle,  Whitchor,  whack,  whacks,  \vhig,  whiff,  whang. 

Whale,    whaler.    Wheeling,  whir,  whirs,  whirl,  whirligig, 
wherry,  wharf,  wharves,  whim,  whimsical,  whine. 

449450 


SCOTT-BROWNE  S   TEXT-BOOK 


ABBREVIATIONS  AND  POSITION, 

LESSON      XII. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

1.  There  are  certain  words  of  common,  frequent  use,  that,  fo' 
the  sake  of  greater  speed  in  writing,  are  abbreviated  in  their  fono- 
grafic  representation,  the  same  as  words  are  abbreviated  in  common 
print;   that  is,  expressed  by  one,  two,   or  more  of  their  letters  or 
signs,  instead  of  all.     About  two-thirds  of   these  abbreviations  are 
complete  in  their  consonant  representation — the   vowels  only  being 
omitted;  and   although   the   advanced   fonografer   never  writes  the 
vowels  in  any  word,  except  when  absolutely  necessary,  these  special 
words — with  vowels,  only,  omitted — are  placed  in  the  list  of  abbrevia- 
tions,  because  they  are  never  to  be  vowelized  but   learned  as   the 
special,  fixed  signs  for  those  words;  while  the  words  not  in  the  list  of 
abbreviations  are  vowelized  or  not,  as  the  writer  finds  necessary. 

2.  Some  words  are  abbreviated  by  omitting  the   consonants, 
retaining  only  the  vowel,  while  other  words,  still,  are  represented  by 
brief  signs  such  as  the  circle,  loops,  half-circles,  etc. 

VOWEL   RULE  OF  POSITION. 

3.  Before  giving  a  list  of  abbreviations  it  will  be  necessary  to 
explain  what  is  termed  "The  vowel  rule  of  position."     It  is  already 
well  understood  that  there  are  three  PLACES  by  the  side  of  a  consonant 
stem  for  vowels.     Corresponding  to  these   three  vowel  PLACES  are 
three  stem  or  outline  POSITIONS  governed  by  the  vowels:    Words  con- 
taining a  first  place  vowel  to  be  written   in  first  position — above  the 
line;  words  containing  a  second  place  vowel  to  be  written  in  second 
position — on  the  line;  words   containing  a  third  place  vowel   to    be 
written  in  third  position — thru  or  under  the  line. 

4.  The  first  position  for  upright  and  inclined  stems  is  HALF  the 
height  of  a  Te  stem  above  the  line;  and  for  horizontals  and  brief  signs, 
about  HALF-WAY  BETWEEN  the  lines  of  writing,  according  to  the 

vidth  between   the  lines — writing  a  little  below  the  centre  on  wide- 

tned  paper. 

5.  The  second  position  for  all  signs  is  on  the  line  of  writing. 

6.  The  third  position  for  upright  and  inclined  stems  is  THROUGH 
«r  ACROSS,  the  line;  and  for  horizontals  and  brief  signs,  UNDER  the  line. 


OF    PHONO&RAPHY. 


89 


7.  It  is  a  great  aid  to  legibility  to  write,  not  only  the  greater 
number  of  abbreviations,   but  also  words  of  ONE  SYLLABLE  in  the 
position  indicated  by  the  vowel— or  accented  vowel,  if  a  word  contain 
more  than  one. 

8.  Some  of  the  abbreviations  are  not  written  according  to  the 
"vowel  rule  of  position." 

(a). — This  occurs  where  there  are  two  or  more  words  having  the 
same  outline  and  containing  vowels  of  the  same  class;  they  require 
to  be  written  in  different  positions  to  prevent  conflict  and  confusion, 
as  well  as  hesitancy  in  reading.  See  signs  for  do  and  had,  each  and 
which,  if  and  for,  etc. 

(o). — Again,  where  there  is  but  one  word  of  a  certain  stem  or  out- 
line, it  is  always  written  in  second  position,  regardless  of  the  vowel 
rule,  because  that  position  is  the  most  natural,  and  favors  ease  and 
speed  of  writing.  See  sign  for  your. 

(c), — Where  there  are  two  words  of  the  same  outline  and  vowel 
class,  the  most  frequently-occurring  one  is  given  the  second  position. 
See  signs  for  each  and  which,  ease  and  was,  law  and  will,  are  and  our, 
no  and  own. 

(d). — Where  there  are  two  words  of  the  same  outline,  but  differing 
vowels,  the  most  frequently  occurring  one  takes  the  second  position, 
regardless  of  the  vowel,  and  the  other  one  the  next  position  to  it. 
See  which  and  much,  think  and  thank. 


9.— SIMPLE   STEMS.— NO.  i. 

ARRANGED   ACCORDING    TO  THE   FONOGRAFIK   ALFA3ET. 


V 

\     pay,  up 

B 

\      by 

\     be 
v        to  be 

...L  u 

I at,  out 


D 

dollar 

o 

had, 
X 
each 
which 
much 


0, 


'  L  joy 

/      advantage 


_    company,  ac.  ompaay 

O 

give  -n 

go,  together 
ago 


TEXT-BOOK 


V           p 

.         z 

N 

^  if,    off 

ease,  easy 

"  —  x  in,  any 

v_  for 

)     was 

^^  know,  no 

\ 

i       few 

Sh 

own 

_ 

~J   she,  wish 

^-^ 

^-    ever 
^_    have 

^    shall,   shall 

Ng 

^.  thins 

/     issue 

^s   long,  along 

v       view 

L 

language 

(     think 

f~    law 

>  .. 

W 

f      thank-ed,  thousand 
V" 

r  win 

••- 

A  why 

,           Dh 

'       allow 

v     thee,  thy 

f.... 
R 

way 

\      they,    them 

>  year 

-^   away 

/      tho',  thou 

are 

Y 

)     see 

=>....  our 

f~  your 

M 

H 

J      say,  so,  saw 

s~^  me,  my 

<^  high 

....)...  us 

^-^  may,  am 

Ohio 

10.     Final  j  is  added  to  any  of  the  above  signs  by  writing  the 
circle  on  the  end  of  the  stem. 

II. — SHORT    SENTENCES. 

Pay  up  your  bills.  It  will  be  your  dollar  each  time  they  go. 
It  was  in  my  wish.  Which  way  will  they  go?  Why  do  they  ask 
them  for  it?  It  was  years  ago.  They  know  why  it  was  so  Do 
they  ever  go  up?  Have  they  ever  thanked  ?  They  say  so.  It  will  be 
easy  for  us.  Shall  they  go  away  ?  They  will  wish  them  much  joy. 
Each  company  will  be  large.  Do  they  see  any  advantage  in  it?  It 
was  to  be  so.  They  may  think  so.  If  they  do,  she  shall  know  it. 
Does  she  own  it?  No,  she  knows  it.  They  had  it  out  each  day. 
Your  things  arc  in  Ohio. 


OP  PHONOGRAPHY. 


41 


12.— COMPOUND   STEMS.— No.  a. 


42 


SCOTT-BROWNffS  TUXT-BOOlt 


.   /  knowledge 

anything 

enlarge 

...           \     nothing 

>*-'l 
V.          never 

s^^T           X,  Y. 

v"^_             nevertheless 

-^S'          U.H. 

«*_xi 
N.           enough 

half 

v<x             newer 

/V 

S\          hope 

^\ 
^_x—  »           name 

*.             happy 

NOTE. — Should  the  student  think  these  abbreviations  difficult  to 
learn,  let  him  notice  that  very  few  of  them  are  abbreviated  beyond 
the  omission  of  vowels,  so  that  once  looking  at  them  is  sufficient  to 
learn  them.  Those  that  are  abbreviated  by  the  omission  of  conso- 
nants should  be  written  over  several  times,  and  then,  by  practising 
them  in  short  sentences  they  will  be  remembered. 

13. — SHORT  SENTENCES. 

Notwithstanding  many  peculiar  things,  they  are  happy.  Never- 
theless, anything  will  do  for  them  Hope  for  many  things.  Never 
follow  lawyers.  Do  nothing  halt* way.  Enjoy  knowledge  forever. 
Enlarge  your  knowledge.  Never  fol'ow  peculiar  ways.  They  cam? 
in  time  for  your  lawyer'i  money. 


OF  PHONOGRAPH*. 


LESSON     XIII. 
ABBREVIATIONS—  CONTINUED. 

I.—  CIRCLES,    LOOPS,   AND   VOWELS.  —NO.  3. 

0 

X 

.  .  is,  his 

VD            themselvei 

o  

as,  has 

\ 

X, 

first 

'             size 

X             subject 

s-*> 

V 

subjected 

..     ^  sir 

N  . 

best 

..  ~x           ours,  hours 

/ 

I 

...its 

...f  .... 

.    said  / 

/ 

tf"^           same,  some 

/• 

...  such 

f~^~/          something 

/ 

/-  Ju« 

„  f/.. 

suggest 

/~-° 

because 

y 

...  ^~-*y      .    necessary 

/...^ 

signature 

^^>  most,  must 

^~ 

...  several 

«^_x            stenographer 

(. 

..  .  these,  thyself 

honest 

_...  C 

this 

^0    .        next 

—  c  

....  thus,  those 

„--*.   wise 

SCOTT-BRCHTtrff?  TSXT.&OOX 


highest 


2.     The  affix  "  self  "  is  expressed  by  a  small  final  circle  on  steins, 
and  "  selves  "  by  a  large  circle. 


3.— WRITING  EXERCISE 

This  is  peculiar.  They  will  enjoy  themselves.  This  subject  was 
used  yesterday.  Will  they  suggest  something?  She  is  a  flrst-rate 
stenographer.  Several  said  it  was  so.  Yes,  they  go  West  next 
Wednesday.  She  is  as  happy  as  they  are.  The  boy  says  his  things 
will  come  as  soon  as  they  wish  for  them.  They  have  only  necessary 
things.  She  used  yours  several  times  yesterday.  They  are  honest 
as  well  as  wise.  His  highest  aim  is  to  be  just.  Be  just,  because  it 
is  best.  His  signature  is  necessary,  as  well  as  yours. 


4.—VOWEL  SIGNS.— No.  4. 


the 

v     two,  too 

..v..to 

..  ...  a,  an 

1   .owe,  oh,  O  ! 

1  ..but 

ana 

y     who-m 

.../.  should 

\ 

\i 

N..  all 

of 

I 

i 

i 

awe 

or 

how 

ought,  aught 

on,  he,  him 

6.  .  whose 

Of  PHONOGRAPHY.  45 


5.— READING   EXERCISE. 


6.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

The  boy  has  a  dog.  I  see  a  duck  and  an  owl.  They  are  all  up 
stairs.  At  sight  of  it  I  was  in  awe.  He  ought  to  go  soon.  Too 
many  of  them  are  in  the  house.  It  is  too  much  for  him  to  do.  Who 
took  my  book?  To  whom  will  he  go  for  counsel?  He  or  I  must 
see  to  it.  Will  they  talk  to  him?  He  will  go,  but  I  shall  stay. 
Should  he  think  best,  they  may  have  it.  How  soon  will  he  come? 
Whose  book  is  this?  How  long  have  they  had  it? 


SCOTT.BROWNRS  TEXT-BOOK 


LESSON       XIV. 


we 

with 

were 


ABBREVIATIONS— CONTINUED. 

I. — BRIEF   WA   AND   YA   SIGNS. — NO.    5. 

K_.yet 


what 
a  would 


beyond 


2.  —  VOWEL,  STEM,  AND  BRIEF  SIGN   COMBINATIONS.  —  NO.  6, 


idea 

^"      .       area 

L.             while 

>  —  -/             knew,  new 

_(T             well 

I'll    I  will 

(/'              where 

I'm,  I  am 

^/       ...  .  aware 

v/l 

</               whereas,  worse 

.'..           already 

altogether 

</\_           wherever 

0/\_           wheresoever 

-            together 

N^ 

when 

1       ...  almighty 

js_^              one 

?  although 

whence 

almost 
,       'whoever 

however 

^_y              once 
^\s__            whenever 

tT>~i  .         whensoever 

6f  PHONOGRAPHY.                                          47 

.^"v^,       ..  whencesoever 

1 

S        ....  without 

—  ~*  withdraw 

^...,  within 

.    IY               you're,  you  are 

3.—  READING   EXERCISE. 


.(.  .....  /1A. 


_/•„..(._  ...1 c. 


T*  ...l. 


—  1 


4.— WRJTING   EXERCISE. 

It  is  now  time  we  were  on  our  way.  What  would  you  do  for 
him  ?  When  and  where  would  it  be  best  to  go  ?  Which  one  is  it  ? 
•  What  is  the  area  of  the  State  in  which  you  live^?  I  hope  she  is  no 
worse.  He  may  go  without  it  altogether.  We  are  within  two  miles 
of  the  house.  Your  ideas  will  have  weight.  Do  you  know  yet  how 
it  is?  How  long  ago  was  it?  Whenever  you  are  right  go  ahead. 
I  am  aware  of  the  fact.  Whoever  he  is  we  must  see  him. 


SCOTT.BROWtfBS    TkXT-BOOK 


HALF-LENGTHS  AND  ED  TICK. 

LESSON      XV. 


HALVING  STEMS   TO   ADD    T  OR  D. 

i.     A  stem  can  be  halved  to  add  the  sound  of  t  or  d  &\.  the  end 
af  words  or  syllables.     Illustration: 


v 
•)- 
debt,    cuts,  fate,    shuts,    late,     art,    sent,    appetite,    occupied,  potato, 


e.'atfd,    berated,    robbed,      habit,      cheated,    untied,      aptly    softly. 
SHADING  THE  UNMATED   HALF-LENGTHS. 

2.  When  the  stems  La,  Er,  Em,  and  Un,  are  halved  to  add  d 
let  them  be  shaded;  but  when  halved  to  add  /  let  them  remain  light. 
Illustration: 

r     r.    •>    rv  /^     ^    ^    ^    ^   -^    v- 

fit,      ailed,      art,     aired,    sort,  sword,  mate,  made,  neat,  need,    pelt, 


-r       i 

boiled,  melt,  killed,  tart,  desired,  tempt,  dimmed,  silent,  ruined. 
3.  The  half-length  stem  for  It  is  written  according  to  the  same 
rules  as  full-length  La,  while  the  half-length  for  Id  is  invariably 
made  downward,  because  it  is  shaded,  and  is  vowelized  the  same  as 
F<;  —  from  the  top  down,  because  it  is  made  downward,  like  Ya. 
Illustration: 


^     X 

delight,  polite,  knelt*  lead,  lad,  puzzled,  spoiled,  mailed,  nailed,  revealed, 
NOTE.—  The  vowel  after  a  halved  stem  at  the  end  of  such  words 
as  rated,  righted,  elated,   avoided,  etc.,    is  understood   to  be  i,  there- 
fore it  is  never  necessary  to  write  it, 


Of    PHONOGRAPHY.  49 


ED  TICK. 

4,  The  syllable  ed  at  the  end  of  such  derivativ  words  as  fated, 
sifted,  remitted,  etc.,  where  the  primativ  word  fate,  sift,  etc.,  is 
halved  to  add  a  final  t  or  d,  is  expressed  by  a  small  tick,  written  in 
the  direction  of  Te  or  Ka,  at  the  end  of  a  word.  Illustration: 


,  *(/?,  sifted,     emit,     emitted,  sort,   sorted,   smart,  smarted, 


want,     wanted,     wend,     wended,     word,    worded,    reward,    rewarded. 

5.  The  ed  tick  is  also  used  at  the  end  of  full-length  stems  where 
it  is  not  convenient  or  advisable  to  add  the  d  sound  by  halving. 
Illustration: 


resisted,       exhausted,      imitated,       animated,       stated,       studied. 

6.     The  ^/  tick  is  written  after  the  loops.     When   following  the 
str  loop  it  expresses  only  d  with  the  vowel  /omitted-     Illustration: 


fasted,      adjusted,      disgusted,      rested,      fasted,      lasted, 


arrested,     -wasted,      hoisted,     fostered,      bolstered,      mastered. 

7.  The   halving    principle   is   very   sparingly   used   in   writing 
straight-stem  words  of  one  syllable;   such  words  as  feat,  pit,  beat, 
bought,  boat,  bead,  coat,  cud,  goat,  guide,  etc,,   being  written  by  the 
majority  of  reporters  with  both  stems,  while  others  use  the  halving 
principle  and  never  omit  the  vowels.     Illustration: 

>c       \      K       <      >r       <     TI 

]    or.      ..  1    °.r  ]    or  !  °.r  "T 

peat,  beat,  bought,  coat. 

8.  For  convenience  in  speaking  or  writing,  the'  -halved  stems 
can  be  named  by  adding  the  t  or  d  sound  to  the  stem  name.       Exam- 
ple: Pe,   Pgt  or  Fed,  etc.;  Ef,  Eft;  Ve,  Vst  or  Ved;  Ith,  Itht;  The, 


50  SCOTT-BROWNE'S    TEXT-BOOK 

Thet  or  Thed;  Es,  Est,  etc.;  La,  L3t  or  Lad;   El,   Eld;   Er,  Ert  or 
Erd;  Ra,  Rat  or  Rad;   Em,   Emt  or  Emd;  Un,  Unt  or  Und;  Hah, 
Haht  or  Hahd.     This  will  make  distinguishing  terms  for  p,  t,  etc., 
expressed  by  stems,  and  p,  t,  etc,,  expressed  by  halving. 
9.   .  Ing,   Wa,  and  Ya  are  never  halved. 

10.  The  circle  or  loop  on  halved  stems  always  read  last.     Illus- 
tration: 

\»    !*?...  -£"   ^.    .2.  j^  L 

pets,    sifts,     salts,     sorts,     meets,     needs,     midst,     didst,    couldst. 

11.  The  reporter  writes  st  loop  on  halved  stems  to  form  the  su- 
perlative degree  of  certain  adjectives.     Illustration: 


late,      latest,      toft,     softest,   neat,         neatest,  smart,    smartest. 

WHEN   NOT  TO   HALVE. 

12.     The  halving  principle  does  not  apply  in  the  following  cases: 

(a).  When  initial  Ra,  in  words  of  one  syllable,  is  followed  by  / 
or  d  —  writing  such  words  as  right,  rite,  rate,  road,  rood,  ride,  etc., 
with  stems  for  t  and  d. 

(b).  When  a  final  vowel  follows  t  or  d  —  writing  pity,  tidy,  duty, 
fatly,  veto,  muddy,  naughty,  lady,  etc.,  with  stems  for  t  and  d,  in 
order  to  furnish  places  for  the  vowels  following  the  /  and  d. 

(c).  When  the  consonant  before  the  t  or  d  is  both  preceded  and 
followed  by  vowels  —  writing  such  words  as  abate,  abode,  acute,  avoid, 
allayed,  amid,  unite;  parried,  borrowed,  torrid,  carried,  furrowed, 
varied,  married,  narrowed,  harrowed,  pallid,  tallowed,  dallied,  gullied, 
followed,  valid,  mellowed,  inlaid  (La  for  /),  wallowed  (  IVa  hook),  hal- 
lowed, yellowed  (brief  Ya),  etc.,  with  stems  for  /and  d. 

(d).  When  concurrent  vowels  come  before  the  /  or  d  —  writing 
poet,  diet,  fiat,  laureate,  naid,  etc.,  with  stems  for  t  and  d. 

(e).  When  t  or  d  follows  a  stem  preceded  by  another  stem,  witfc 
which  it  does  not  form  an  angle.  Ilustration: 


piped,  bobbed,  kicked,  gagged,      liked,       fact,  faggot,  harrowed,  reared 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY1. 


61 


13.—  READING   EXERCISE. 

TERMINAL  HALF-LENGTHS. 


L.  .....  £...£ 


V 


L 


A 


.  v. 


SCOTT-BROWKB'S   TEXT.BOOK 


INITIAL   HALF-LENGTHS. 


• 


TWO   HALF-LENGTHS. 

'•W  /-v^          °W 


ED  TICK  ON  HALF-LENGTHS. 


5..  k 


UPWARD  ED  TICK. 

14.  In  writing  the  ed  tick  on  Lat  it  is  better  to  strike  it  upward, 
on  account  of  the  liability,  in  rapid  writing,  of  the  downward  tick 
becoming  a  hook.  Illustration: 

'  H 


wilt,  wilted,          salted,  related,         emulated,         diluted. 


DISJOINED   WHOLE   AND   HALF  LENGTHS. 


instituted,    substituted,   destitute,    pathetic,        emphatic,       synthetic. 

\  L/1k  .....  /j.. 
li<      k    'fc 


dr  PHONO  GRAPH*-. 


15.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Pick,  picked,  poke,  poked,  pack,  packed,  tick,  ticked,  tuck, 
tucked,  tack,  tacked,  checked,  joked,  jagged,  reasoned,  limit,  remit, 
limited,  remitted,  elect,  elected,  erect,  erected,  sift,  sifted,  scent, 
scented,  sound,  sounded,  rescind,  rescinded,  resound,  resounded, 
descend,  descended,  decent,  descent,  dissent,  dissented,  absent, 
absented,  invite,  invited,  indict,  indicted,  repeated,  reputed,  inhab- 
ited, uninhabited,  remedied,  innocent 


16.  -ABBREVIATIONS—  HALF-LENGTHS.—  No.  7. 


.lord,  read 
J  might 

..  immediate-ly 


^ 


afterward 


inward 
~J.-..outward 
^/  better 
K    debtor 

yield 

,V  until 

-s- 

little 

—  write 
s 
written 

writing 

^2^,  astonish-ed 
.  X..e8tablish-ed 


*j                                     $C&  'T7**SROW\r£'S   T&JCT'SOOfC 

17.—  READING   EXERCISE. 

^         ^     V     "      r      r  ^             1 

.V....A  I.      fix                                 n         •—  L. 

...(.    y^,   I     .<  c  ,  ...  -  .. 

V        v    i    ^ 

">        ,       \t                   *       \       ~       ^ 

V           ___ 

.....C  >y^..«.... 

K                                          n 

^N  I  I  v 

^..l.^-.  _.r...  )....;_jri. 

^  |  x-      ^      • 


18.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

You  would  enjoy  a  visit  to  the  old  world.  I  want  you  to  give 
me  your  word  that  you  will  do  all  the  good  that  lies  in  your  power. 
Never  go  in  debt.  Read  only  good  books.  The  Lord  God  leadeth 
me.  We  went  to  the  woods  afterward.  Do  not  be  too  forward. 
That  was  a  good  act.  He  could  not  read  for  the  want  of  a  book. 
He  is  not  a  bad  boy.  Put  your  cap  on  the  rack.  How  much  good 
and  bfautv  we  ha*re  in  this  world  !  Have  vmi  anv  Howhr  abonf  it? 

Put  about  that  immediately.  Go  not  afterward  in  debt.  Doubt 
not  the  word  of  God.  He  went  east.  You  had  better  go  forward 
immediately.  He  could  not  get  the  goods.  Did  you  get  the  writing? 
He  was  caught  in  the  act.  I  thought  you  went  afterward.  He  went 
immediately  to  let  you  know.  That  writing  should  be  better.  Yield 
not  until  the  word  is  given.  He  wished  he  had  issued  that  little  writ- 
ing. She  went  wild  with  astonishment.  The  debtor  will  not  yield. 
They  will  take  the  lead  in  the  old  world.  Might  it  not  be  written? 
He  went  when  he  was  sent.  I  want  to  astonish  you.  One  cent 
might  be  made  to  yield  much  good.  Look  inward  if  you  would  see 
how  you  look  outward.  Write  immediately  a  little  with  your  own 
hand.  Better  a  hundred  times  establish  yourself  first. 


OP  PHONO  GKAPHY.  55 

INITIAL    HOOKS. 

LESSON    XVI. 


SMALL   INITIAL   HOOKS   FOR  L  AND  R,   ON 

MATED   STEMS. 

i.  When  either  /  or  r  immediately  follows  any  other  consonant 
they  are  expressed  by  a  small  hook  at  the  beginning  of  the  consonant 
stem.  Ilustration: 


\   \    r 

f  /     ./ 

pi.         H,           tlt 

N      \.    1 

dl,          chl,         jl, 

.\      /     /.. 

kl,        gl. 

pr,           or,            (r, 

dr,      chr,         jr, 

A  L  J... 

J»~ 

fCff                grt 

JL 

Jl.  fr,          thl,         thr,        shl,         shr. 

2.  In  writing  the  hooks  on  stems,  the  first  motion  of  the  pen 
is  made  in  an  opposite,  parallel  direction  to  the  stem;   and  the  next 
and  last  motion  is  at  right  angles  with  the  stem,  as  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration: 

v.<\  ..........  1.1  ...........  LJ  .....  .......  „.«;?. 

<L  L  ......  ^  ^   ..  C  C     .5   )  .  jj  j 

Let  these  characters  be  practised  with  caie  until  the  hooks  can 
be  readily  and  perfectly  made.  Careless  writers  incline  to  make 
these  hooks  look  like  loops  or  circles.  It  is  just  as  easy  to  make 
them  right  as  wrong,  if  proper  care  is  exercised  in  the  beginning  to 
understand  the  principles  of  movement  in  forming  them. 

L   HOOK   WORDS. 

3.  Notice  that  the  /  hooks  are  on  the  right  and   upper  side  of 
the  stems. 


plea,    please,    play,     plows,     able,    blows,    idle,    clay,     clause,    glow. 

^  .......  L-JC  Ju.  -c    \>.  :v.  ..Oc/ 

flte,    Jleeet,    flow,     oval,     Ethel,     bushel,     official,     ambrosial, 


58  SCOTT-BROWNS 'S    TEXT-BOOK 

R  HOOK  WORDS. 
4.     Notice  that  the  r  hooks  are  on  the  left  and  under  side. 

... .%..-%.-.  \<  _V.l 1...V :1 t.  ..V.. 

/ry,    praise,    brew,    breeze,    tree,    eater,  trust,  odor,    draw,    dress, 


CTTT...  ....ET-  ......  c-j—  ......  err..         crr°  ..      e-* 

z0,      «•/<;•?,       «<rr*,        grow,       ogre,      egress,     grass, 


freeze,    frizzes,    frost,     throw,     ether,     thrust,     uther,     azure. 

5.  In  comparing  the  /  and  r  hook  signs,  let  the  student  regard 

___________  ...........  \        [  ......  _^  ......  C_  .................  _.. 

//,  //,  fl,  thl, 

and  so  forth,  as  so  many  pieces  of  wire  bent  so  as  to  form  the  initial 
hook,  and  that  these  same  pieces  of  bent  wire,  when  TURNED  OVER, 
become 

...............  ........  _<\       1  ...........  ^  .......  5  ...........  ___  ..... 

/r,  tr,  f>;  thr. 

To  illustrate  still  more  clearly,  let  them  be  written  in  pairs,  as  follows: 

_.„  .................  \    V  .....  \    V'tc.,  ..............  _.._.. 

//,        //',  bl,         br, 

.C  .."VV.  *N    C...  )  .....  C  .....  3.    J  )   J  J 

fl,     fr,        vl,     vr,       thl,    thr,      dhl,  dhr,      shl,    shr,     thl,    ikr, 
—  the  shr  and  zhr  forms  being  turutd  over  enJwise  to  give  the  forms 
for  shl  and  thl. 

SPECIAL  VOWELI2ATION. 

6.  The  initial  hooks  are  intended  for  the  expression  of  /and  r 
preceded  by  a  stem  consonant  without  a  vowel  between  the  stem  and 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  57 


hook  consonants,  as  in  flay,  pry,  etc.,  and  for  the  expression  of  such 
syllables  as  pie,  ble,  fle,  per,  ber,  ter,  etc.,  in  couple,  bible,  trifle,  reaper, 
fiber,  cater,  etc.;  but  there  are  many  words  of  long,  awkward  form, 
such  as  collect,  correct,  fulcrum,  telegram,  etc.,  that  are  shortened  in 
outline  and  rendered  even  more  legible  by  using  these  hook  signs; 
and  for  this  class  of  words  special  rules,  for  showing  that  the  vowel 
is  to  be  read  between  the  hook  and  the  stem,  are  given. 

7.  When  the  vowel  heard  belongs  to  the  dash  class,  represent  it 
by  the  dash  sign  struck  through  the  stem  at  right  angles  —  made  heavy 
for  long  vowels  and  light  for  short  ones  —  and  written  in  first,  second, 
or  third  place,  the  same  as  in  ordinary  vowelization.     Illustration: 

O_»  ..........  «*-  .............  0      ...........  .Nr-CY. 

fall,  cold,  futt,  fulcrum. 

8.  As  the  shape  of  the  dots  will  not  admit  of  their  being  written 
through  the  stem  and  be  distinguished,  like  the  dashes,  the  vowels  of 
the  dot  class  are  represented  by  small  circles,  written,  for  long  vowels, 
before  upright  and  inclined  stems,  and  above  horizontal  ones;  written, 
for  short  vowels,  after  upright  and  inclined  stems,  and  below  hori- 
zontal ones,  observing,  as  usual,  the  three  vowel  places.    Illustration: 


L.  v=S <L  Jk. 


feel,         fail,         carpets,        fill,        fell,         taroxysm, 

9.  When  the  vowels  heard  in  err  and  air  are  to  be  read  between 
the  hook  and  stem,  indicate  it  by  making  the  parallel  dash  signs  into 
ellipses,  thus: 


_.x 


birth,  careless. 

10.  The  difthong  ^igns  are  either  struck  through  the  stem,  or  else 
written  at  the  beginning  or  at  the  end  of  stems,  to  denote  that  they 
are  to  be  read  between  an  initial  hook  and  stem,  thus: 


curt,  casual. 


SCO  TT.KRO WKE'S   TE.VT-DOOfC 


XL— READING  EXERCISE. 


--    ...~\^_.  v  ...\.  X 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  59 


12.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Apple,  able,  ciue,  cciat,  please,  pleases,  pleased,  play,  played, 
plow,  blow,  blaze,  blazed,  idle,  idles,  clay,  close,  glaze,  glass,  fly, 
flow,  fleece,  flees,  flies,  flows,  fleeced,  oval. 

People,  peopled,  pickled,  buckled,  tickled,  cockled,  giggled, 
fickle,  cobble,  gable,  table,  stable,  stubble,  scuffle,  faithful,  truthful, 
mouthful,  treacle,  draggle,  prattle,  brittle,  scuttle,  fiddle,  victuals, 
thickly,  flat  blacker,  flavor,  'pressure,  special,  initial,  nuptial, 
impartial,  impartiality,  social,  prudent  especial,  ambrosial, 
casual,  visual,  official,  officially,  bleach,-  oblige,  club,  cloth,  clothes, 
clash,  claim,  gloom,  youthful,  vocal,  unable,  muddle,  employ, 
simple,  sample,  example,  dissemble,  resemble,  tumble,  rumble, 
devil,  level,  lawful,  ankle,  uuclc,  angle,  ethical,  plaster,  blister, 
bluster,  cluster,  cloister. 

Pray,  pry,  bro\v,  tree,  trio,  cater,  try,  utter,  tray,  draws,  odor, 
cry,  crew,  acre,  ru'.ree,  free,  fray,  offer,  offered  affray,  threw,  throw, 
author,  usLer,  azure. 

Price,  prize,  prices,  prized,  breeze,  braced,  trace,  trust,  trusted, 
crust,  craze'.!,  yrisl.  grazed,  grazes,  grasses,  thrice,  thrust,  precise, 
process,  blazes,  crisis,  ciises. 

Prop,  problem,  prime,  probe,  approach,  prench,  pretty,  bribe, 
brick,  brag,  brush,  bravo,  broom,  broil,  brier,  briny,  bridge, 
breeches,  breath,  breathe,  break,  bring,  trip,  tribe,  trick,  track,  truth, 
trim,  trash,  drug,  dream,  droll,  drear,  dreary,  drouth,  dressy,  creep, 
crape,  group,  grim,  grab,  growl,  grog,  x  frog,  freak,  frail,  thrill, 
throng. 

Paper,  pauper,  taper,  dipper,  cheaper,  jobber,  keeper,  caper, 
copper,  guf.er,  figure,  vigor,  vapor,  vicar,  entry,  sentry,  pitcher, 
major,  lodger,  ledger,  archer,  riiher,  Rogers,  degree,  decreed, 
degrade,  sugar  {S!i,i},  shiver  (S.'ia),  mc-sure,  leisure,  crasuie,  fisher, 
trea/ure,  treasury,  pleasure. 

VOWELS    JiE'.KD    SliTWEEN    UOOK    AND    STEM. 

Germ,   firm,   Germany,   person,   charm,  form,   George,   courage, 
fulsome,   procure,  cheerful. 


60  _  SCOTT-BROWNE  'S   TEXT-BOOK  _  ^_^ 

L  AND  R  HOOK   ON  UNMATED  STEMS. 

13.  The  initial  hook  for  /on  Em,  Un,   Ra,   and  Hah  is  made 
large.     Illustration: 

.....  ............  jCTV-..   .....  S-sL...  ._  ..........  (/..  ............  £.-  ..........  _  ....... 

ml,  nt,  rl,  hi. 

14.  The  hook  for  r  on  Em,  Un,  Hah  is  made  small,  and  the  stem 
shaded,  to  distinguish  the  mr,  nr,  and  hr  combination  signs  from  wm, 
wn,  and  Hah,     Illustration: 


mr,  nr,  hr. 

15.  A  large  initial  hook  on  Za  expresses  the  other  liquid  conso- 
nant, r.  Let  it  be  noticed  of  the  two  liquids  that  La  takes  a  large 
hook  for  r  and  that  Ra  takes  a  large  hook  for  /.  Illustration: 


lr,  rl. 

16.  The  initial  hooks  for  /and  rare  never  used  on  Es,  Ze,  Er, 
Ing.  or  Wa.  Ing,  when  hooked  initially,  being  required  to  express 
nr;  and  Es,  Ze,  Er,  Wa,  when  hooked  initially,  being  required  to 
express  Thr,  Dhr,  Per,  Ver.  Yal — Ya  with  initial  hook — is  not 
used  for  anything,  as  it  is  an  inconvenient  form  to  join;  besides,  it  is 
quicker  and  better  to  express  yl  by  the  brief  Ya  sign  and  /  stem. 


I7-— READING   EXERCISE. 

^    ^      y. 

camel,   animal,  canal,     kernel  and  colcnel,    spiral,    exhale,  help,    color 

^    "^  S*~  ^     ^__X  ^*^(  y^  \^^  "        ,^»  ' 

/  fc"^^^  ^^^  ^"^  \  ^_  °^  \_-^       I 

rumor  ^      tremor  *      moral*     minor ;      north,      cohere \     adhere \     inherit. 


18.— WRITING   EXERCISE 

Enamel,  canaille,  kernel,  colonel,  enameled,  spirals,  relapset 
relapsed,  relax,  relaxes,  relaxed,  spinal,  spaniel,  channel,  panel, 
canal,  final,  flannel,  penal,  vernal,  finally,  coral,  choral,  floral,  rural, 
barrel,  peril,  Tyrol,  plural,  help,  helper,  helpless,  health. 


61 


healthy,   healthier,    healthiest,    healthful,   heliotrope,  halcyon,   he!m, 
helmet,     inhale,    unwholesome,     exhale,     unhealthy,     ro'or.     collar, 
scholar,  secular,  Fowler,  valor,  raillery,  stickler. 

19.—  L  AND  R 

HOOK    ABBREVIATIONS.  —  N».  S. 

R    HOOK,    STRAIGHT    STEMS. 

?  appear 
\  —  'principM-ly,  principle 

1     true 
doctor 

/   .larger 
c  —  care,  occur 

.  ^...practiss 

1   dear 

cure    accrue. 

\  re-member 
XV.-.  number 
1     uttet,  truth 

T    during 

7 

'..  .cheer 
/    chair 

correct-ed 
c  aggre^-aie-ecl 
agree. 

L 

<t 

X...nble.  ably 

1     till,  tell 

HOOK,    STRAIGHT  STEM 

r 

..'....deal 
1     deliver 

>. 

call  equal-ly 
c.  —  clerk 

..f._  at  all 

/....children 

.  collect-ed 

T^form 
^  from 

t   HOOK,    CURVED   STEMS 

either 
..-}...  there,  their 

humor 

near,   nor,   hono» 

.  ;  over 
-  »   every,  very 

.-")    other 
...^..sure,  assure 

hire  higher 
'    hear,  here,  her 

ryaver 

.....O..share 

^~hair 

../:...  author,  three 

Mr.,  mere 

'•••    remark 

..  *\    through 

,-vmore 

/^^  manner 

03                                     SCOTT-  BROWNE'S  TEXT-HOOK 

V. 

JL-  feel,  fill,  fall 

-  HOOK,    CURVED   STEMS 

million 

. 
..^T  heal,  hall 

Js_.  fail,  fell 

^O>  promulgate-d 

.£.  hole,  hale,  hell 

..^._.  full 

S^V  female 

...XT.  howl,  whole 

« 

(^ 

.  VT.  evil 

real-ly 

v~«i'x  enroll 

.V_     avail 

<S  roll 

.^  ruler 

_,.         value 

•^-  rule 

1O. — SHORT    SENTENCES. 

I  feel  fully  equal  to  the  task.  Practise  the  principle  well.  My 
principal  imparts  speed.  Remember  the  days  of  thy  youth,  for  ihy 
very  hairs  are  numbered.  Utter  only  truth  that  you  may  speak  \vi:h 
assurance.  The  principle  tiling  in  his  address  is  humor.  I  low  ably 
the  author  treated  the  subject.  I  tell  you,  till  all  is  \vcll,  take  care. 
I  have  no  fai:h  at  all.  Form  good  habits  if  you  would  go  through 
life  happy,  and  from  the  pith  of  truth  depart  not.  Over  all  things 
ho.ior  ij  first.  Every  one  knows  his  doctor  well.  Ever  remember 
that  very  has  a  different  form  from  ever.  The  author  went  three 
times  through  his  book.  Dear  doctor,  you  cure  and  cheer;  I  feel 
you  will  heal  a  million.  Put  my  children  in  the  large  chair  very  near 
here.  To  assure  a  cure  you  must  deal  with  care.  Either  agree  or 
take-  a.  smaller  share.  It  will  occur  no  more.  Ilosv  about  the  other, 
arc  you  sure  of  the  delivery?  I  do  not  remember  the  aggregate  but 
the  clerk  cou'd  tc!l.  Correct  the  clerk  when  you  collect  the  fare. 
Mere  humor  is  not  more  nor  honor  higher.  Her  hair  was  either 
back  or  gray,  her  eyes  dear  and  true,  and  her  manner  equal.  Did 
you  hear  the  remark  ?  I  had  my  fill  and  feel  so  full  I  fear  I  shall 
ek'.tcr  fail  or  fall.  Ah,  full  well  I  fell  !  The  evil  did  avail  and  its 
vul  :c  I  hno-.v  too  well.  Tho  female  does  really  rule  the  family  with 
a  familiar  haud.  Hire  a  hail  and  promulgate  the  whole. 


CP    rVOVOGRAPffY.  63 


LESSON     XVII. 


THE  INITIAL  CIRCLE  ON  L  AND  J?  HOOK  SIGNS. 

1.  To  prefix  s  on  r  hook  signs,  the  hook  is  made  into  a  circle. 

2.  To   prefix  s  on  /  hooli  signs,   the  circle  is  made  wi-thin  the 
look.        Illustration: 

X      °\      ^     'NX        X      f-T      ^ 

pray,      spray,      pry,       spry,      upper,       suffer.       crawl.        scrawl, 


V  .....  %_     \  ......  \    _..V>'  .....  , 

flat,     splat,     plash,     splash,     bloom,      sublime,     plav,      difpiav. 


3.  The  circle  on  A"a.  beiote  an  /  hook  on  Pe  and  Bf,  is  elon- 
gated or  flattened,  like  a  loop,  and  the  pen   is  carried  entirely  over 
the  stem  before  it  turns  to  form   the  hook;    thus  enabling  the  writer 
to  get  that  part  of   the  hook,  where  it   joins   the  stem  on  which  it 
Belongs,  quite  distinct.*  Illustration: 

N^  '     -  "  ' 

excusable,  explored. 

4.  In  writingsuch  words  tasdisagree.  Jescry,  prescribe,  etc.,  the  cir- 
cle is  written  on  the  right  side  of  the  first  stem,  and  the  second  stem. 
which  is  Ka  or  Ga.  is  written  directly  out  tro:n  the  top  of  the  circle. 
This  brings  the  circle  on  the  r  hook  side  of  A'u  and  Ga.     Illustration 


disagree,  pre  scribe. 


*  Some  writers  mike  ihe  turn  of  the  pen  directly  on  the  A"i  slem,  instead  of  atto 
the  crossing  ever.     That  way  which  is  easiest  and  most  legible  to  the  writer  is  the  rest 


04  SCOTT-BROWNE 'S   TEXT-BOOK 

5.     Many  writers  omit  the  r  representation  in  the  words  describe, 
prescribe,  etc.,  and  express  them  thus: 


6.  In  writing  the  circle  on  the  r  hook  side,  between  stems  run- 
ning in  the  same  direction,  it  is  not  necessary  to  show  the  hook,  as 
the  left  and  under  side  of  straight  stems  is  known  to  be   the  r  hook 
side,  while  the  right  and  upper  side  of  straight  stems  is  known  to  be 
the  circle  side.     Illustration: 

psp,      p-spr,  tst,       t-str,  ksk,  k-skr, 

-\ \ 

precept,    prosper,  dusty,  destroy, distressed,  cask,  excrescence,  excursive. 

7.  Per  preceded  by  Dis  is  written  thus;    Js       as  in  the  words 
disappear,  disparage,  dayspring,  etc.  * 

S.  In  such  words  as  tasteful,  boastful,  trustful,  etc.,  where  the 
/  hook  sign  cannot  be  made  following  the  st  loop,  the  pen  crosses  the 
stem,  thus  reducing  the  loop  to  simple  s  and  enabling  the  writer  to 
form  a  perfect  hook  on  the  Ef  stem.  This  contracts  the  words  to 
tas'ful,  boas' ful,  trus'ful,  etc.  Illustration: 

tasteful,  boastful,  trustful,  breastplate. 

9.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 
Spray,   supper,   sober,   suitor,   strew,    cider,    suppress,   cypress, 

soberly,  screw,  scarcely  =  o — ;£  secrecy,  sacred,  supply,  sable, 
jatchel,  sickle,  cycle,  possible,  disciple,  display,  displayed,  accusable, 
{ hysical,  peaceful,  passively,  plausible,  classical,  classically,  crucible, 
explore,  taxable,  graceful^-^xL  (the  hook  of  the  Ef  in  graceful  is 
implied  by  the  circle  at  the  end  of  the  Ga  stem  being  elongated  like  a 
loop.  If  there  was  no  /  hook  to  express,  the  circle  would  be  kept 
round,  thus:  <r~^_),  disgraceful,  prosperous,  prosperously,  distresses. 


OP  PHONOGRAPHY. 


disaster,  disasters,  disastrous,  cheese-press,  Caspar,  excreable, 
excursive,  describe,  disagreeable,  disagreeably,  disappear,  disparage, 
dayspring,  pastry,  pasture  (Pes-Cher),  extreme,  gastric,  mixture 
(Em-Kas-Cher),  fixture  {Ef-Kds-Cher),  dishonor=4_>'  . 


Straggle,  struggle,  strapper,  supreme,  soprano,  sobriety,  strata, 
stream,  streamed,  streamlet,  strength,  strangle,  strangler,  strangled, 
strut,  street,  strait,  straight,  straighter,  sprite,  sprout,  sprayed,  des- 
perate, desperately,  desperado,  whisper,  whispered,  destroy, des- 
troyed, distract,  distracted,  distrust,  distrusted,  trustful,  distrustful, 
mistrust,  mistrustful,  expressly,  describe,  descried,  prescribe,  pro- 
scribe, subscribed,  ascribed,  abstract,  extract,  extracted,  excusable, 
crucible,  taxable,  explore,  explored,  explode,  exploded,  display,  dis- 
played, displays,  frustrate,  frustrated,  hemisphere  (hemisfere),  gossi- 
mer,  moral,  morally,  curse,  discourse,  discoursed, 


atmosphere    immoral,     mortal,     immortal,     course,     persuade. 


^.surprise 

....?..  surprises 

V 
....^..surprised 


........  spirit 


separate 


io.— ABBREVIATIONS. 

CIRCLE    ON   L  AND   R   HOOK    SIGNS. — No.    Q. 

..\.. supply 


...•^...spread 
~-  scare 


secure 

o 


.scarce 
(^scarcely 

II. — SHORT    SENTENCES. 


..x  .supplied 

..skill 

<a — scale 
....school 


I  scarcely  know  what  separated  us.  I  was  never  more  surprised. 
In  a  Phonographic  school  skill  is  supplied,  but  to  secure  skill  one 
must  scale  the  heights.  My  spiri  is  equal  to  the  task  but  I  cannot 
supply  the  energy.  It  surprises  nir  that  I  have  not  surpassed  others. 
Spirits  are  scarce  about  this  place.  He  supplied  the  skill  and  she 
taught  the  school.  The  teachers  were  supplied  with  moral  lessons  to 
give  the  pupils  through  the  course.  The  school-room  was  tasteful 
and  the  trustful  teacher  surprised  by  the  spirit  of  the  class. 


TEX~r.rtoo* 


LESSON     XVIII. 


BACK  HOOK  FOR  fJV,  EN,   UN. 

t.     The  syllables  in,  en  or  tin,  preceding  the  i  circle  on  r  hook 
•signs,  are  expressed  by  a  small  back  hook,  made  so  as  to  brin?  the 
circle  on  the  r  hook  side  of  the  stem,    illustration: 

"^    ......  "«-  ...........  .1  .....  _  ^        rj^ 

inspire,         inspired,         instruct,         insecure,    .      unscrupulous. 
2.     This  hook  is  also  used  on  sla,  str,  sent.     Illustration: 


tns/ave,         unceremonious,         unseemly. 


3.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Inseparable,  inseparably,  insuperable,  unsuppressed,  instructor, 
instrung,  inscribe,  insecurity,  insoluble,  unsolvable,  unsalable, 
unsullied,  insular,  insult,  insulted,  unsolicited,  unceremoniously, 
unseemly,  ensample,  ensemble  (ongsombl). 


4.— READING    EXERCISE.— SENTENCES. 

;.  _=, ../...N.  i  .! r  ...c.,  • 


r 


^^> 

^-      ^ 
<TN..   IT^I  .....  _.    /  ...» 

x  —  ^    o    v 

--3  .....  X-  .........  2w_ 


> \      — u  x <r\..  PTN _.  / ...» _^ 

^  -  >-x      O      V 


Of  PHONOGKAPfTT.  C7 


LESSON       XIX. 

IV  TICK. 

A     Trie  sound  of  ia  following  a  stem  consonant  is  expressed  by 
a  vertical  or  horizontal  tick  joined  initially  to  the  stem.    Illustration: 

r 


twice,     dwtll,         quick,  quagmire,     thwack,    Schwab. 

2.     Words  with  an  initial  /  and   medial  w  sound  must  be  writ- 
ten with  the  disjoined  We  or  IVii  in  its  vowel  position,  thus: 


squaw,  squeeze,  squizzle, 

3.     Words   with  r  immediately   following  a  w  sound  should 
always  be  'written  wiih  the  w-hook  on  the  Ra  stem,  (//Vr),  thus: 


queer,         twirl,         squirrel,         squirm,         squared,         esquire. 
4.     Kwl  words  must  be  written  with  IVfl,  thus: 


quelled,  squall,  squeal,  q:tail. 

5.     The  Wit  ti(X   is  useful   in  writing  such  Spanish  names  as 
Puebla,  Buena  Vista,  etc.     Illustration: 


Puebla,  Buena,  Cuardajui,  Cuaxnca. 

(Pwdblah),         (Bwdnahi),  (Gwdrdafwee),        (Gwdhaka). 


6.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

Words  to  be  \v  it  en  with  the  u>mtick:  Twist,  twists,  twisted, 
untwist,  untwists,  untwisted,  tweezers,  twitter,  twinkle,  twilight, 
twill,  twilled,  dwell,  dwelt,  Dwight,  dweller,,  equip,  equipoise, 
quibble,  quiet,  quota,  quest,  bequest,  bequeath,  quad,  quick,  quicker, 
quickest,  quickly,  quake,  quaker,  quack,  quicksilver,  quicksand, 
quagmire,  quaff,  quailed,  quoth,  quiesce,  »cquic*ce,  quasi, 


flg  SCOTT- BROlVNlfS   TEXT-BOOK 

equator,    thwack,    thwacked,  Thwing,  Schwab,  Schwartz,  bequeath. 

Words  in  which  disjoined  We  or  Wu  must  be  used:  Squaw, 
squabble,  squatter,  squeeze,  squeak. 

Words  in  which  Wer  must  be  used.  Twirl,  dwarf,  dwarfed, 
dwarfish,  querl,  quarrel,  quirk,  queer,  choir,  quire,  quart,  squirt, 
squirted,  square,  squared,  squirm,  esquire,  query,  quarry,  quarried, 
quartette. 

Words  in  which  Wei  must  be  used:  Quill,  quell,  quail,  squall, 
sequel,  squills,  squeal. 


OF  PHONO  GRAPHY. 


LESSON      XX. 


SMALL  TERMINAL   HOOKS  FOR  N,  F,  AND   V. 

N   HOOK. 

1.  The  sound  of  «  at  the  end  of  words  and  syllables,  and  in  the 
middle  of  words  where  no  vowel  follows  it,  is  represented  by  a  small 
terminal  hook    made  on  the  left,  and  under  side,  of  straight  stems, 
and  on  the  inside  of  curved  stems.     Illustration: 

..A  .....  /  .....  ^  .....  ~X  Ax,  YV  ^     °^._../?.S... 

pin,    tinge,    June,    canopy,    fine,    loan,    main,    swain,  run,  hen. 

2.  S,  terminating  w-hook  words,  is  expressed  by  making  the 
hook  into  a  circle,  on  straight  stems,  and  by  writing  a  circle  -within 
the  hook  of  curves.     Illustration: 

\'  ......  J*  .....  /  .........  .t.  ......  x-  ........  i_..._^.  ......  A.. 

bones,     dines,     chains,     tokens,     runs,     Athens,     nuns,      refines. 

3.  The  large  circle  and  the  loops  are  written  on   he  w-hook  side 
to  express  ns-s,  nst,  nstr.     Illustration: 


. 

expenses,     enhances,     danced,    glanced,      funster,     spinsters. 

F  AND  V  HOOK. 

4.  The  sound  of  f,  or  its  cognate,  v  ,  at  the  end  of  words  and 
syllables,  and  in  the  middle  of  words  where  no  vowel  follows  it,  is. 
represesented  by  a  small  terminal  hook  made  on  the  circle  side  of 
straight  stems;  and  the  circle  for  s,  terminating  /and  z/-hook  vords, 
is  made  within  the  hook,  to  distinguish  it  from  simple  s  without 
the/  or  v  sounds.  Illustration: 

V  ........  V  ...........  \  .......... 

proof,         approves,         devote,         devise,         division, 

l.v  ^  "Nv^>       ......  ^\. 

deafen,         strife,          gloves,         archives,         hoofs» 


70 


SCOTT-KKOll^VE'S    TEXT-BOVK 


5.  The  hook  for  /  and  v  is  never  written  on  the  curve  stems. 
NOTE  (a).  —  Observe    that   the  j   circle    formed    wit  bin    hooks   is 

elongated,  like  a  loop,  and  made  in  the  direction  of  the  stem  10  which 
the  hook  belongs. 

(b).  —  The  large  circle  and  the  loops  for  ;/  and  sir  are  never  written 
on  hooks. 

6.  If  a  vowel  follows  «,  y"or  v,  those  consonants  must  be  rep. 
resented  by  the  stems,   in   order  to   furnish  a  place  for  the  vowel- 
Illustration: 


brine,     briny,    fun,    funny,     assign,     assignee,     rain,     rainy, 


<?  .......  A-....^  .......  As 


cough,     coffee,     grieve,    gravy,     heave,     hea^'y,     rough,     review. 


7.—  READING   EXERCISE 


S.— WRITING  EXERCISE. 

r-.uvr,  pen,  opei,  bane,  bone,  tan,  eaten,  oaten,  din,  don,  chain, 
chin,  June,  coin,  keen,  cane,  oaken,  gun,  gown. 

Spun,  spoon,  snbin,  satan,  satin,  stone,  sndden,  scan,  skin, 
sicken,  sustain,  St.nc:i,  ste\vpan,  weapon,  widen,  wooden,  waken, 
wagon,  worn,  Warren,  sweeten,  Sweden,  sworn,  equestrian. 

Prune,  brown,  brain,  bran,  train,  drown,  drawn,  churn,  adjourn, 
crane,  atom,  crown,  corn,  green,  grain,  gria,  groan. 

^w 

Plain,  plan,  blown,  clean,  clan,  clown,  glean,  glen,  decline, 
recline. 

Far,  fun,  vine,  thin,  assign,  zone,  shine,  lawn,  urn,  moon,  nun- 

Sof;cn,  seven,  Simon,  Stephen,  Stamen,  flown. 

Suspense,  strains,  screens,  widens,   stamens,  Stevens,  woman's. 

Puff,  bluff,  pnve,  brave,  strive,  dove,  cave,  rove. 

Puffs,  paves,  drives,  chiefs,  Jove's  caves,  coughs,  cuffs,  graves, 
grieves. 

Panic,  pancake,  pinch,  punch,  punish,  pennon,  bandy,  banjo, 
banish,  tonnage,  Ciianning,  candy,  conic,  coinage,  expunge,  experi- 
ences, expenses,  finish,  (upward  j/v),  vanish,  heathenish,  thinness,  lin- 
ear, lonely,  minute,  minute,  minfltelv,  minuteness,  mental,  mantel, 

/  S 

miner,  po;ent,   potency,   demean,   organic,  envenom,  plenty,  planet, 

plunge,  blanch,  French,  fringe,  penance,  finance,  synonym,  sponge, 
Spanish,  pippin,  bobbin,  obtain,  Italian,  deepen,  detain,  domain, 
cabin,  roughen,  raven,  region,  regain,  famine,  foreign,  lemon,  Ly- 
man,  remain,  engine,  tribune,  blacken,  chairman,  African,  Mormon, 
Norman. 

Toughen,  deafen,  deafness,  define,  divine,  devote,  devout, 
devotee,  devour,  devise,  advise,  division,  (upward  j//),  devotion,  de- 
fence, advance,  extravagance,  extravagant. 

Use  vpward  r,  F.Z,  in  these  words:  Revere,  rover,  river,  quiver, 
quaver,  hover,  cover,  cleaver,  clover,  engiavcr,  beverage. 

Use  downward  r,  Er,  in  these  words:  Devour,  beaver,  tougher, 
meaner,  vainer,  founder,  finer,  thiner,  leaner,  demeanor. 


SCOTi '.BROWNE 'S    TEXT-BOOK 


SHORT   SENTENCES. 

Ten  honest  men  live  in  one  town.  Nine  fair  women  spue  six- 
teen  skeins  of  woolen  yarn.  The  moon  shines  upon  the  lawn.  Green 
are  the  banks  of  Bonny  Doon.  When  it  rains,  the  Robins  say, 
"  Cheer  up,  cheer  up,  cheer  up  ! "  Rover  is  a  brave  dog,  jou  will 
discover,  and  serves  his  master  faithfully.  The  Bluff  river  divides 
our  farm.  Never  swerve  from  right  behavior.  See  the  rainbow! 
The  poor,  with  industry,  are  happier  than  the  rich,  in  idleness.  Pu' 
down  your  pen  and  join  the  children  in  their  fun. 


9.— ABBREVIATIONS.— Ar,   F,  AND  V  HOOKS.— No.  10. 

N    HOOK. 


__^       opinion 

(»  then 

...N—  =..  begun 

\       upon 

/        than 

—\           began 

.S  -  been 

v,  • 

...  i           alone,  loan 

^^^  ^ 

1  S^ 
....y.    ...  turn,  torn 

J        done 

men 

P 

«         sudden 

|   down 
</        join 
J       general-iy 

./^~*Svn*an 

human 

c~^       / 

.women    >. 

....  J         at  length 

P 

...  »         delinquent 

/x        happen 

9      can 

trs»      woman 

>>        punish-ed 

gone 
—  3  gain,  again 

\y6»       known,  none 
union 

;      explain-ed 

~f 
•J         question 

i               often,    phonog- 
^-S.  ...     raphy 

^T3       learn 

T~f 

J        Christian 

^>      even 

\  ^     pecuniary 

^    correspond 

^"        thine 

^—  >     begin 

a—-,       -ence 

.  .  —  '          cousequtniial 

Of    PHONOGRAPHY. 

78 

^—  .signify-ied-cant 

.      0.  western 

/°         southern 
*\        pertain 

—  ^j  ..  .prudential 
^"^      prominent 

>*       fallen 

J   " 
«v        appertain 

*\^—  ^     permanent 

^       \ 

...  point,  appoint 
behind  bind 

HALF-LENGTHS. 

..consequent 
<*-*  second 

...  account 

annonK-ed 

\ 

J         tend 

.  1        attend 

..  r^f      superintend 
—  o-    acquaint 

.s°     .  round 
£/»    surround 

u 

J 

did  not,  didn't 

—»       gained 

...    -^  around 

..     J  do  not,  don't 

°  .....find 

*0.  understand 

...   J       .-    h*d  n°t.  hadn't 

....  ^       found 

..  .  I"       turned 

.     **        gentlemen 

v^j—  '     foundation 

""£..  accident 

t/        gentleman 

•  x»        land 

.0—  ^>     subsequeni 

kind              , 

'..  mind     V 

..  £}£;..  .returned 

can't 

\ 

minds         \ 

C  learnt 

.   .TIH^    cannoi 

^^         meant,   tnend, 
...<ra  amount 

y 

\  'P5>       impen<! 

KNS,   ENSF.S,    ENST. 

\ 

\ 

j        a:  once 
consequence 

^.         balanced 
c  ~o   .   occurrence 

..  •"«»    .    again., 

yO 

-  •      ^         inclisuciis  ible 

S.      .balance 

."~D     Kansas 

o    .experience 

...  .  ^w    .   balances 

..._TTO  sraioi 

transcript 

r< 


F  AND  V  HOOK. 


\> before 


V         abo 
I 


diflicult-y 

diflered-ent- 


gave,   govern- 

—a  ....     uiciic 

.C\»  ...  Pro°ff  prove 
.  %.  .    approve 

\»  ..improv«-d-men: 

provide 


, 


.provision 

*\J      proficie.it  -ly- 
^*- —     tuiicy 

perfect 
..>»  ...^^lief,  belien 

I-      >defecl 


advocate 
IT      ....deficient-iency 

kj  ....defence 
..  .advance 


profit,  prophci 

>>       profitable 


prophetic 

>>~-^      providence-tial- 

....%        believed 

extra  vagant-ly- 


A^. — SHORT   SENTENCES. 

Upon  my  opinion  I  would  not  believe  it.     Had  it  not  been  clone 
I-would  have  joined  the  general.     He  could  not  have  gone  so  soon 
.ngain1     To  gain  Phonography  you  must  first  be  found  i:i  a  brown 
study;   even  then  it  is  best  to  be  left  alone.     Men  are  humane  as 
women  are  \vomanly.     The  union  was  known  to  be  complete.     His 
pecuniary  rai;i  was  not  large.     None  but  t'.ie  good  can  cxpl-i: 
acts.     Learn  Phonography  well.     At  length  he  explains  the  corres- 
pondence.     The  kind  gentleman  did  not  account  for  the  &•; 
Don't  go  behind  the  returns.     T;:e  superintendent  fuur.d  the  f 
lion  turned  in  consequence  of  the  sudden  accide:.t.     It  is 
of  ihe  fact  that  he  remembered  that  opinion.      I   find  that  tl. 
xvi!"  not  yield  «i  profit.     His  balance  in  Kansas  is  indispensable.     He 
meant  to  surround  the  men  but  his  general  had  fallen.     The  recount 
was  ba':T.red  -with   the   amount.      Experience  is   indispensable  to 
understand  the  cost  cf  success.     He  was   punirhcd  but  would  not 
explain.    Th    occurrence  in  Kansas  sho-.vs  gains  for  the  second  t;mc. 
The  Stenographer's  transcript  was  second  to  none.     The  advocate 
found  difficulty  in  his  defence.    The  deficiency  balanced  the  account. 


LE  SSON       XXI. 


SHUN  AND  ES11UN  HOOKS. 

SHUN   HOOK. 

I.  The  syllable  shrtn  (or  zhim)  following  a  stfm  consonant, 
is  expressed  by  a  large  final  hook  made  on  tidier  side  of  straight 
stems,  and  on  ihe  contort  side  of  curve  stems.  Illustration: 


-          *>       \  ......  *  ..........  »- 

potion,    passion,    inception,    addition,    perdition,    occasion,    sections, 


dissection,      rations,       adhesion.      fashions,      visionary,      motions, 

....sJJ>  ............  to  .........  ~0       . 

nations,     disscntion,     oration,      volition,     persuasion,      reservation, 

2.  In  writing  the  words  vnetion,  sanction,  distinction,  etc..  the 
stem  for  the  A'a  sound  can  be  omitted,  without  impairing  legibility 
Illustration: 


unction,         sanctions,        distinction. 

3.     The  syllable  fsf,  following  Shun  and  Eshun,  is  expressed  by 
half-icr/ijth  Es  (Est)  on  the  hooks.     Illustration: 


elocutionist,        factionist,         anncxaliomst, 

ESHUN    HOOK. 

4.  The  syllable  slntn  following  s  represented  by  a  circle,  and 
*  \-owcl,  is  expressed  by  a  small  hook  on  the  back  of  the  circle. 
Illustration: 


JL. 


position,     decision,  accession,     physician,     cessation,      pulsation, 


SCOTT-PROIVXE'S    TEXT-BOOK 


5.  Words  containing  this  snvill  hook  arc  legible  without  writing' 
the  vowel  that  is  heard  before  the  hook;  but  if  it  is  desired  to  express 
this  vowel  any  time,  write  it  on  the  left  side  of  the  hook  for  zjirsi 
place  vowel  and  on  the  right  side  for  other  vowels.  Illustration: 


precision.          transition. 


procession, 


sensational 


See  Chapter  XV.  of  Part  II.  TEXT-BOOK  for  full  illustration  ot 
the  shn  representation. 

6  —WRITING  ^EXERCISE. 

flation,  passion,  passions,  editions,  addition,  sedition,  section, 
suctiW,  deception,  attraction,  attractions,  detraction,  inception,  sub- 
traction. perception,  reception,  inspection,  exception,  refraction, 
infraction,  reduction,  subtraction,  perdition,  approbation,  attrition, 
reputation,  selection,  election,  elocution,  elocutionist,  elocutionists, 
factionist,  factionists.  affectionate,  affectionately  observation. 

Decision,  causation,  accession,  accusation,  physician,  incision. 
musician;  musicians,  sensations,  proposition,  prepositions,  supposi- 
tion, cessation,  secession,  annexation;  annexaiionist.  pulsations. 

SZT.V-HOOK. 

The  small  hook  for  s7in  may  also  be  used  for  sit  in  combinations 
where  an  j-circle  and  an  n-sie;n  would  be  inconvenient  to  join: 
It  will  not  conflict.  <vith  sKit  and  will  add  greatly  to  speed  and  legi- 
bility. The  principle  justifying  its  use  is  the  same  as  that  for  employ- 
ing the  fa.  En  or  Un  hook  —  many  final  terminations  being  as  incon- 
venient for  the  junction  of  s  and  «  as  for  a-and  s  initially.  There  are 
a,  few  words  in  which  'the  'Aw-hook  cart  be  used  medially.  The  fol- 
lowing woids  -will'show  its  application.  (See  Part  II..  page  41.) 


mason, 


masonry, 


medicine, 


Wisconsin, 


OFFSETS  OR  IMPERFECT  HOOKS. 

Some  combinations  of  consonants  make  it  impossible  to  form 
perfect  hooks;  in  which  case  it  is  necessary  to  make  an  offset,  using 
a  part  of  that  stem  (generally  the  second  one)  for  the  purpose  which 
will  make  the  best  joining  and  indicate  the  hook;  thus, 


missionary,       seminary,      reply,     penetrable.      country,      exhale, 


I^\  ...........  _Jai 


*r  ___ 


companion,     printer,      engineer.      Edinboro,     adhesion,     trainer, 


economy,   explain,    resplendent,    behold,   continent,    unwholesome. 


OP  PHONO  GRAPHY.                                              77 

7.—  ABBREVIATIONS.—  SHUN  AND  ESHUN  HOOKS.—  No.  u. 

SHUN    HOOKS. 

v           passion 

<] 

U     ...consideration 

•     VX       fashionnble-bly 

./O       objection 

&? 

...  .  &       exaggeration 

.-    y    ...  session 

_      >X^          objectionable 
...o        subjection 

—  ^       occasion 
<=—  ^      creation 

....Ls        association 

'O'x                • 
..  .  ..    missionary 

_  ^    exhibiton 

..  _.L^     direction 

..  V-?.    .    national 

U  ...   tuition 
U  station 
\J  instruction 

correction 
collection 

crrt*       aggression 

x. 

)  --   situation 

\ 
...     (?  .     dissuasion 

....    <^        persuasion 

ESHUN   HOOK.            ^X. 

V, 

__«  opposition 

|  —  e 
acquisition 

O~^.  ..>s^pnversatiot>-»l 

\>       position 

v       procession 

Q        conversationiM 

\           possession 

proposition 

\ 
.^        .compensation 

....    .  decision                      '•*       -    generalization 

o    ^ 

V-J       civilization 

...-.-  •?   .accession                  ..  .^  .    organization 

realizu^ 

73  SCOTT-RKOWITS   TF.XT.nOOK 

SHADING  AND   LENGTHENING. 

LE  SSON     XXII. 


SHADING   EM. 

I.    Em  is  shaded  to  express  a  follow'  n^/  or  b,  and  is  then  called 
Enip  or  ILnili.     Illustration: 


!////>,     stump,     hemp,     lamp,     glimpse,     wampum,    limbo,    embargo. 

LENGTHENING   EM  P. 
2.     Emp  is  lengthened  to  add  a  following  r.     Illustration: 

I.  •(r-x  -  L  _  ^g^~^\ 

emjiire,        temper,        simper,        ember,        chamber,        somber. 


3.—  WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Pomp,  pumps,  bump,  damp,  dumps,  stamp,  stump,  stampede, 
jumps,  camp,  gump.  vamp,  thump,  lamp,  lump,  limp,  romp,  rump 
mumps,  swamp,  samp,  slump,  hump,  hemp,  primp,  plump,  tramp, 
crump,  cramp,  glimpse,  wampum,  limbo,  Jumbo,  humbug.  Sambo. 

Pumper,  Plumper,  temper,  temporal,  distemper,  damper,  jumper, 
Kemper,  vampire,  romper,  hamper,  scamper,  ember,  umber,  amber. 
somber,  limber,  lumber,  chamber,  slumber,  December,  November, 
September,  dismember,  timber,  cumber,  encumber,  Cun/faerland, 
Chamberlain. 

LENGTHENING  IXG. 

4.  Ing  is  lengthened  to  express  a  following  kr  {Ker)  or  jpr  (Cer). 
Illustration: 


anchor  or  anger,          sinker,  winker,  linker, 


thinke*  finger,  linger,  *tronger. 


LENGTHENING   THE   OTHER   CURVES. 
5.     Al1   the  oiher  rurved  stems  are  lengthened  to  express  a  fol- 
lowing Ir,  dr,  thr,  dhr.     Illustration: 


enter,         render,         smaller,         mother,     philanthropy,       falhtr. 

6.     Of  the  straight  stems,  only  Ra  and  Hah  are  lengthened  to 
express  the  following  words: 


writer,         rather,        hither. 


7.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Anchor,  sinker,   Bunker,  tinker,  canker,  rancor,  ranker,  linger, 
spanker,  winkers,  hanker,  handkerchief. 

Anger,  finger,  linger,  languor,  stronger,  monger,  mongrel, 
hunger,  Hungerford. 

Father,  fatherless,  fatherly,  mother,  motherly,  motherless, 
thither,  nitre,  neuter,  center,  central,  Easter,  eastern,  easterly. 
Esther,  oyster,  Astor,  Astral,  astronomy,  astronomical,  astronomer, 
latter,  later,  literature  (La-ler-Cher),  literary,  latterly,  literally,  col- 
lateral, winter,  wintered,  wander,  eccentric,  eccentricity,  render 
hinder,  cinder,  sunder,  wither,  withers,  withered  flounder, 

philantrophy,  philanthropist,  philanthropical. 

Enterprise,  interrupt,  interruption,  entertain,  interest,  interested, 
introduce,  introduction,  interpret,  interpretation,  interpose,  inter- 
twine, interdict,  uninterrupted. 


8.— ABBREVIATION'S.— DOUBLE  LENGTHS.— No  12. 


(     thi 


father 
..thither 
thitherward 


.Easter 
letter 
literary 


Su 


SCOTT-BROWN&S    TEXT-BOOK 


_  X"~           latter 

\  —  X  .       longer 

( 
•*_.  writer 

.  -^*N            --  .water 

.s''  ...  rather 

,/^     N  matter,  mother 
neither,  entire 

"^N       whithersoever 
—    ^\               weather 

i              entirely 

.          interest 

<^  (           hither  and  thithei 

Q  /         senator 

c~\      farther,  fur;h.-.r 

northern 

,.er^\               farther  than 

0 

9.  —  SHORT    SENTENCES. 

His  father  and  mother  went  thither.  The  style  of  the  letter  was 
literary.  The  writer  wrote  rather  good  matter.  The  Northern 
Senator  went  farther.  His  interest  was  entirely  in  the  weather. 
Water  no  longer  ran  hither  and  thither.  Father  went  farther  than 
mother.  I  would  rather  be  the  latter.  I  should  think  it  was  rather 
longer  than  the  other.  It  is  better  to  go  farther,  Whithersoever 
you  go,  don't  mind  the  weather.  Whether  the  entire  let  er  was  sent 
by  the  writer  I  know  not.  My  interest  is  entirely  with  neither.  Your 
letter  of  introduction  will  further  my  father's  desire.  I  hope  you  will 
not  interpose  an  objection  to  the  enterprise  introduced.  It  was  an 
interruption  to  intercept  the  letter. 


OP  PHONO  GRAPHY. 


PREFIXES    AND    AFFIXES, 

LE  SSON     XXIII. 


PREFIXES. 

1.  —  The  prefixes,  con,  com,   cum,   cog;  contra,  contro,  counter; 
fore;  magna,   magne,   magni;  circum,   self;  etc.,   are  represented  by 
brief  arbitrary  signs   written  either  before  or  above  the   remainder 
of  the  word. 

CON,    COM,    CUM,    COG. 

2.  —  The  sign  for  con,  com,  cum  and  cog  is  a  dot.     Illustration: 


contain,     comprise,     cumbersome,     cognitiv. 
CONTRA,  CONTRO,  ETC. 

3.  —  The  sign  for  contra,  contro  and  counter  is  a  tick.     Illustration: 


contradiction,          controversy,       countermand* 
FORE. 

4.  —  The  sign  for  fore  is  Ef.     Illustration: 


forestall, 

MAGNA,  ETC. 

5.  —  The  sign  for  maga,  magne  and  magni  is  Em.     Illustration: 

XTS  T" 

'jsLxTfc  .....  ____  ........  J—  -    ..  ____  ......  VY 

magnanimous,  magnetic,  magnify. 

CIRCUM  AND   SELF. 

6.  —  The  sign,  for  circum  and  self  is  a  small  circle,  written  \-nfirst 
position  before  or  above  the  remainder  of  the  word,  for  circum,  and 
in  second  position  before  or  above  the  remainder  of  the  word  for  self. 
Illustration: 


(ircumscribe,  telf-made. 


83 


SCOTT-RROIWE-S  TEVT-BOOK 


COMPOUND    J'REFIXKS. 

7.  —  AYhcnever  any  other  syllable  comes  before  these  prefixes  — 
thus  making  a  compound  prefix  —  the  stem  or  sign  for  the  syllable  is 
written  in  the  prefix's  plnce,  and  'he  prefix  is  not  written,  but  imp/if  j. 
or,  itndcrstcod  to  be  expressed,  together  wiih  the  syllable  standing  in 
its  place;  or,  in  other  words,  if  a  stem  or  circle  is  written  over  another 
stem  in  «i:ch  a  way  as  to  occupy  the  place  of  a  prefix  sign,  it  must 
be  read  together  with  the  prefix  —  the  syllable  that  the  sign  stands 
for  being  read  first  and  the  prefix  last.  Illustration: 


P  . 

s~  ......  i 

conceivable,  inconceivable,  construe, 


misconstrue- 


compromised,         uncompromised,  committal,  non-committal, 

_.  ~^>  ............  /^  ______  .....  f    .......  .........  f  ......... 

cognition,              recognition,  conceit,  self-con.-eit. 

"X         .....  .....  K  ^  UN  .....   .. 

composed,             decomposed,  comfort^  discomfort, 

L,     ............  ^%  le>  .....  _  "^v  . 

contradicted;          uncontradic*'i,  controvert,  uncontroverted, 


reconcilable,       irreconcilable,          magnetized,          wimagnetizcd 


circumspect,        vncircnmspect.  selfish,  unselfish, 


foreseen,  tiajjreseen,         accommodation,  incognito 


non-conducter,          uncommon,  concomitant, 


OP 


8.  —  Some  words,  having  the  prefix  discon,  are  not  conveniently 
written  according  to  the  usual  rules  for  writing  compound  prefix 
words,  in  which  case,  the  remainder  of  tkr  word  is  written  near  the 
prefix  sign,  and,  in  some  cases,  the  prefix  is  expressed  in  full,  about 
as  quickly  as  to  use  a  disconnected  sign.  Illustration: 


disconnect. 

9.  —  The  syllable  kong,  in  Congress,  conqutr,  etc.,  is  expressed  by 
the  ton  dot,  thus: 


Congress,  conquer. 

10.  —  Con,  cam  or  cog  can  be  expressed  by  writing  the  remainder 
of  the  word  close  to  a  preceding  word,  thus: 


in  connection,         in  consideration,         common  consent. 


must  contrive,         to  be  concluded,  will  convince. 


ii.—  READING  EXERCISE. 

•  --  ,  'I* 

_  .........  .......  .........  •^-9  I  ______ 

common,  commence,  committee. 

—•'y—  ......  ______  L  .........  _  .....  1i  ..... 

continued,         constituent,  contrition. 

t  ......  ;•}  .......  ^  ......  3-  .....  ......  ..^. 


84  SCOTT.B&QtPltJfS   rEXT-BOOK 

12.— WRITING   EXERCISE. 

Compute,  computed,  competition,  compose,  composes,  com- 
posed, composiiion,  compositor,  compost,  compound,  compounded, 
compassion,  comprise,  comprised,  compressed,  comply,  complied, 
complex,  complexion,  complication,  complicate,  combine,  contain, 
contains,  contusion,  constrain,  construction,  contrite,  contrition,  con- 
tribute, contribution,  consistently,  constantly,  continue,  continued, 
constrained,  co.idemn,  condemnAtion,  conjure,  concur,  concourse, 
concrete,  conclude,  conclusion,  conclave,  conglomerate,  conglomera- 
tion, configuration,  conflagration,  convex,  convivial,  convenience, 
convenient,  convey  conveyance,  convert,  convertible,  conceive,  con- 
ception, completion,  compilation,  compensation,  condense,  condensa- 
tion, contrive,  contrives,  contrary,  conduct,  construct,  contract,  con- 
trol, controllable,  contrasted,  console,  consolation,  consolidate,  con- 
solidation, conservatory,  conservation,  conservatism,  concern,  com- 
mune, commence,  commenced,  conquer,  conquerable,  congress, 
congressional,  cognate,  cognomen. 

Accomplish,  accomplishments,  accommodated. 

Inconstant,  inconsolable,  uncontrollable,  unconvinced,  uncon- 
querable, inconceivable,  recompense,  recommend,  recommended, 
recognize,  recognizes,  recognized,  recognition,  recognizable,  mis- 
construction, miscompute,  non-conformity,  non-committal,  non-con- 
ductor, decomposition,  discomfort,  disconcert,  disconcerted,  discon- 
nection. 

Contraband,  contradict,  contradiction,  contradistinction,  contra- 
vene, counterpoise,  counterpoint,  counter-irritant,  counter-irritation, 
countermand,  counter-mine,  counter-balance,  counterpart,  counter- 
sign. 

Join  /for  for-e  in  the  following  words:  Foreknow,  foreknow- 
ledge, forever,  forward,  forsake,  forlorn,  fore-thought,  fore-handed, 
fore-noon,  fore-fathers. 

Disjoin  f  for  fore  in  the  following  words:  Foremost,  fore-stall, 
forecast,  foreman,  foresail.  See  Part  II.,  page  82,  under  the  prefix 
for.  fore,  for  a  fuller  illustration  of  this  principle.  \\ 

Magnanimous,  magnanimity,  magnify,  magnificent,  magnitude, 
magnetism,  magnetic,  magnesia. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


LESSON    XXIV. 


AFFIXES. 

The  affix  and  prefix  signs  are  treated  and  tabulated  for  ready 
reference  in  Chapters  xvi.  and  xvii.  of  Part  H.  TEXT-BooK. 

The  following  frequently  occurring  affixes  can  be  used  to  advan- 
tage at  this  stage  of  the  study. 

BLE,  ELY  —  b  with  the  /-hook  when  convenient  to  join,  when  not 
simple  b  will  answer;  thus, 

PA      I         ^          \       ^\ 

.....  A  ......  ""    s  ......  .....  T  ...... 

tolerable,     considerable-y,      indispensable,     profitable-)/,    sensible  '-y. 

SELF,  SELVES  —  a  smali  circle  for  se.'f,  a  large  one  for  selves;  thus. 

*       -        ^     ~*       b  6 

......  :  ...........  ;  .......  "a"" 

himself,  thyself,  herself,  myself;  themselves,  ourselves,  yourselves. 
SHIP  —  a  disjoined  sh;  thus, 


friendship,     fellowship,    partnership,     generalship,     relationship. 

ING—  a  dot  following  the  stem;  thus, 

i  —=>'  /?'        \. 

______  J  .................  J.  ..............  .T—  -:.•.._.  .............  _  ...............  ______  n^Ci..t  ...............  ____  :£  ...........  „  ......  .5  ........... 

.owi?igt  doing,    going,    cautioning,    mastering,    running, 
INGS  —  an  oblique  heavy  tick:  thug, 


ings,     -sayings,       blessings,     facings,      leanings,      engravings, 
—  a  tick  or  /  written  in  ings  place;  thus, 


vingly,         knowingly,         seemingly,        fittingly,         trustingly. 
FUL-LY  —  joined  f  Tvhen  Ef  with  /-hook  cannot  be  used;  thus, 


fainfttl-lyr      loaJitful-ly,      success  ful-Iy,     shameful-tyt    yoiitkfilt, 


SCOTT-ZROWKE'S 


HOOD—  -d;  thus, 


manhood,      womanhood,      selfhood,      sisterhood.      neighborhood. 
LY,  AL,  ALLY—  disjoined  Jj  thus, 

JZ3*=-  J/C  ________  1^*--^^ 

manly,  densely,  instrumental,  detriment  alt  sentimentally,  shortly. 

To—  Ihua,  thereto,  -whereto,  hitherto. 

IN  —  tlms,  herein,  wherein,  1h:rtin~ 


AFXEJL—  thus,  hereafter.  thereafter-. 

\_  _^-  >1 

KANDr^tlins,  beforehand,       longhand,       behindhand. 

U  NCLASSI  FIED    ABBREVIATIONS. 

o         advertise          «  advertised         ^>      ndveni.-err.er.t 

y      adjust  CN        afforded        ~~7^~    nctu 

y  ----  ................... 

accurate  c  —  .     accuracy         '\  :'crv 

;  .......  "c^  ........................................  7  ......  ~~\3  .............................................. 

'\      appear  *\        appeared  ^appearance 

ryappropriate  g     accepts-nnce         v._   af:er 

~^-^^  anywhere          -~^j        arrangement       &     always 
"~"  ...........................................  £'  ...............................................  ".S  ................................. 

'^V_  arrive  —  -X      anvbpdy        ^—^-       anyhow 

T~  ........................................... 

)        ask  v^-r'"   certri'"  ^~~—--  certainly 

c  -     call  jjp         circumstances  calr 

£•  —  '   clear  '  —  '       cleared  ?     church 

^        consider  1       considered  ^   complete 


All  About  Shorthand. 


"WHAT    IS    PHONOGRAPHY? 

PHONOGRAPHY  is  the  art  of  writing  by  sound.  The  sounds 
1  heard  in  a  word  are  all  that  is  written  for  the  word.  The  alpha- 
bet is  composed  of  forty- two  letters,  corresponding  to  the  forty-two 
elementary  sounds  in  the  English  language.  The  signs  for  the  alpha- 
bet are  selected  from  quadrants  of  circles,  and  from  a  straight  line, 
written  in  four  directions,  instead  of  but  onedirecti:  n  as  in  longhand 
writing.  It  is  the  simplest  method  of  writing,  and  is  adapted  to  all 
kinds  of  written  communication,  be  it  slow,  as  in  friendship  corre- 
spondence, or  fast,  as  in  taking  the  utterances  of  eloquent  speakers 
talking  at  the  rate  of  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred 
words  a  minute. 

TO    WHOM    IS    THE    ART    USEFUL? 

T)HONOGRAPHY  is  useful  to  every  boy,  girl,  man  and  woman. 
1    To  BOYS  AND  GIRLS  as  the  greatest  possible  incentive  and  aid  to 
education, and,  ultimately, furnishing  a  pleasant  and  lucrative  business. 

To  MEN  AND  WOMEN  in  economizing  time  and  in  accomplishing 
at  least  a  third  more  by  its  use  than  could  be  gained  by  longhand 
writing.  Its  study  and  practice  quickens  the  intellectual  faculties  and 
disciplines  the 'mind,  giving  the  master  of  the  art  an  advantage  over 
those  who  have  never  received  the  intellectual  benefit  derived  from 
the  study  of  Phonography. 

To  MINISTERS,  who  can  compose  their  sermons  with  the  rapidity 
of  eloquent  thoughts  ;  many  of  whom  also  read  their  addresses  from 
shorthand  notes. 

To  LAWYERS  in  making  memoranda  of  legal  points  and  testimony 
of  witnesses. 

To  AUTHORS  in  composition,  being  able  to  preserve  their  first 
thoughts,  which  are  best,  and  accomplishing  in  a  few  weeks  what 
would  take  a  year's  labor  by  longhand. 

To  MERCHANTS  in  dictating  their  correspondence,  telegrams,  etc., 
to  shorthand  writers,  thus  securing  promptness  in  business  transac- 
tions. 

To  STUDENTS,  law,  medical,  or  theological,  in  taking  full  notes  o| 
their  school  lectures,  and  by  it  helping  to  pay  their  college  expenses. 

To  ANYONE  who  may  wish  to  make  its  practise  a  profession. 


•  ALL   ABOUT 

HOW   SOON   CAN  IT  BE  LEARNED? 

OTUDYING  from  one  to  two  hours  a  day  for  six  or  eight  weeks  at 
O  one's  home  will  enable  a  student  to  write  Phonography  as  rapid- 
ly as  longhand  is  written,  and  this  can  be  done  by  the  aid  of  SCOTT- 
BROWNE'S  TEXT-BOOKS  OF  PHONOGRAPHY,  (advertised  on  another 
page),  after  which  two  or  three  months'  practice,  writing  from  two  to 
four  hours  a  day,  from  some  one's  reading,  using  for  dictation  prac- 
tice, SCOTT-BROWNE'S  Books  of  ''Business  Letters,"  will  fit 
one  for  a  position  as  amanuensis  in  a  mercantile  house.  Les- 
sons given  by  mail  would  shorten  the  time  of  learning  considerably, 
and  oral  instruction  in  a  College  of  Phonography  would  advance  the 
pupil  still  more  rapidly.  For  professional  reporting  it  takes  longer 
study,  depending  on  the  particular  branch,  or  several  branches  of  the 
practice,  the  student  wishes  to  be  fitted  for.  Some  become  only 
"Law  Stenographers,"  others  "Medical,"  "Sermon,"  "Literary," 
"  Scientific,"  or  "  General  "  Stenographers,  combining  all  the  branch- 
es. The  student  generally  fits  first  for  an  amanuensis  position  ir 
business  correspondence  and  then  from  that  branches  out  into  one 
of  the  kinds  of  professional  reporting.  Law  reporting,  to  a  certain 
extent,  is  the  easiest  to  learn  and  generally  the  most  remunerative 
branch  of  professional  work. 

WHAT   IS   AN   AMANUENSIS? 
'T^HE   amanuensis   is  a  shorthand   writer  whose  proficiency  is  only 

1  about  two-thirds  that  of  a  law  reporter  ;  that  is,  his  speed  is  front 
one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  words  a  minute,  and  his 
shorthand  work  is  done  entirely  from  dictation,  in  taking  businesf 
letters  from  the  manager  of  the  correspondence  department  of  busi- 
ness houses,  banks,  railroad  offices,  or  letters  or  articles  and  books 
from  authors  and  literary  men.  For  which  he  is  paid  by  the  hour, 
day,  week  or  folio.  For  rates,  see  Part  II.  Text-Book  of  Phonogra- 
phy. 

THE    PAT   FOR   SHORTHAND    WORK 

A  MANUENSES  writing  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  words  a  min- 
1\  ute,  possessing  good  educational  abilities,  receive  in  large  busi- 
ness houses  and  corporations  a  salary  of  from  $1,000  a  year  up.  See 
list  of  graduates  on  another  page  for  salaries  they  are  receiving. 

Official  Court  and  General  Stenographers  receive  salaries,  or 
make  by  fees,  from  $2, 500  to  $5 ,000  a  year.  In  some  districts  they 
do  not  make  as  much  as  these  figures,  while  in  other  parts  they  make 
more.  It  is  our  purpose  to  keep  within  the  bounds  of  reasonable- 
ness —  unlike  quacks  who  advertise  only  the  exceptionally  high  sala- 
ries of  stenographers,  which  are  by  no  means  a  criterion  as  to  the 
general  prices  paid. 

Stenographers  who  can  transcribe  their  shorthand  notes  on  the 
Caligraph  or  other  Typewriter  receive  larger  salaries  than  longhand 
writers,  because  their  transcripts  are  more  legible,  and  by  the  help  of 
the  machine  they  are  able  to  do  two  or  three  times  more  writing  per 
day  than  with  the  pen. 


SHOR  TfJAND— PHONO  GRAPHY. 


SYSTEMS    OF    PHONOGRAPHY. 

THERE'S  no  use  in  disguising  the  fact,  as  some  teachers  of  the  art 
endeavor  to  do,  that  there  are  several  practical  systems  of  short- 
hand in  this  conntry,  all  of  them  having  both  advantages  and  disad- 
vantages, in  some  respects.  There  are,  however,  but  four  methods 
that  have  attained  to  the  character  of  general  utility,  and  they  are 

BENN  PITMAN'S,  the  oldest  system  of  Phonography  in  use,  and  the 
one  having  the  greatest  number  of  followers  in  America,  but  still  a 
system  that  has  not  been  revised  or  improved  for  nearly  twenty  years, 
since  the  practise  of  Shorthand  became  a  profession. 

ISAAC  PITMAN'S  latest  modification  —  used  more  in  England  than 
America. 

JAMES  E.  MUNSON'S  completed  "Complete  Phonography" — and 

SCOTT-BROWNE'S  AMERICAN  STANDARD,  which  brings  down  to  date 
the  best  results  attained  by  the  Profession.  It  does  away  with  thou- 
sands of  useless  "word-signs,"  contractions,  arbitrary  and  illogical 
principles,  used  in  other  systems,  and  introduces  simpler  and  more 
practicable  forms.  It  possesses  a  series  of  text-books  arranged  for 
self  or  class  instruction,  leading  the  learner  into  full  possession  of  the 
art  by  an  easy,  natural  and  graded  method.  It  does  away  with  con- 
fusing distinctions  between  "  corresponding"  and  "reporting  styles" 
of  writing.  And  leads  the  student  from  the  start  into  reporting 
knowledge  and  practice. 

WHICH   IS    THE    BEST    SYSTEM? 

REASON  would  dictate  that  that  system  was  best  that  could  be 
learned  with  the  greatest  ease,  written  the  most  rapidly,  and  read 
without  difficulty.  As  most  authors  claim  these  advantages  whether 
their  systems  possess  them  or  not,  the  best  way  to  arrive  at  a  correct 
conclusion,  is  by  the  judgment  passed  by  the  writers  of  different  sys- 
tems, upon  some  one  system,  that  one  receiving  the  greatest  favor. 
It  may  be  seen  by  referring  to  another  part  of  this  circular,  in  which 
the  opinions  of  stenographers  are  given  as  to  the  AMERICAN  STAND- 
ARD, that  the  same  has  been  found  more  helpful  than  any  other  sys- 
tem to  the  writers  of  different  systems  and  necessarily  must  be  the 
best  system.  It  certainly  has  in  its  favor  new  principles  for  the  sym- 
plifying  of  shorthand  writing  and  the  increase  of  speed  and  ready 
reading,  that  are  not  found  in  other  systems,  and  which  the 
writers  of  other  systems  adopt  readily  upon  first  seeing  them.  If  it 
were  not  adapted  to  become  more  universal  than  other  systems,  it 
would  not  be  accepted  by  the  writers  of  different  methods  as  it  is  ; 
hence  we  must  conclude  that  it  is  the  best  system,  at  least  it  is  the 
only  one  that  improves  with  time,  and  which  improvements  are  incor- 
porated in  such  a  manner  as  to  not  detract  from  the  system  as  first 
published,  because  the  principles  upon  which  it  has  been  developed 
are  founded  in  science  and  logic,  differing  in  this  respect  from  the 
other  systems.  But  perhaps  the  strongest  evidence  tending  to  show 


4  ALL    ABOUT 

the  superiority  of  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD  is  the  fact  that  the  writers 
of  Munson,  Benn  Pitman,  Isaac  Pitman,  Marsh  or  any  other  pho- 
nography can  read  it,  while  the  writers  of  any  one  of  the  other  sys- 
tems cannot  read  any  of  the  other  styles  owing  to  the  arbitrary 
character  or  plan  on  which  they  are  developed.  The  necessity  for 
shorthand  in  commercial  correspondence  has  taken  the  place  of  long- 
hand writing  and  points  to  the  fict  that  uniformity  in  writing  Phonog- 
raphy is  coining  to  be  a  business  necessity,  the  system  used  for  such 
purpose  must  be  unmiscakable  as  to  legibility,  and  all  stenographers 
admit  that  the  AMKRICAN  STANDARD  is  pre-eminent  in  this  respect  and 
hence  is  the  system  for  the  masses,  and  the  best  for  the  numerous 
reasons  mentioned. 

Read  the  commendations  of  eminent  stenographers  on  another  page. 

WHAT  SYSTEM  'WOULD  IT  BE  BEST  TO  LEARN  ? 

IT  WOULD  be  best  to  learn  that  system  that  is  in  most  general  use 
among  p' ofessional  reporters.  It  may  be  asked  why  ?  There  are 
several  reasons;  the  m  ist  imp  irtant  is  that  a  .ur^iU  deal  of  correspond- 
ence is  being  conducted  ii  shortnand  chara>  ters.  The  time  lost  in 
transcribingcan  i.e  saved  to  businessmen  if  correspondence  can  be  done 
in  shorthand  so  as  to  be  as  readily  deciphered  by  the  the  receiver  as 
by  the  sender  f  f  a  shorthand  letter.  That  system  which  is  most  used 
by  reporters  will  become  the  one  on  which  thru  business  necessi- 
ties the  business  world  will  unite  and  use  as  its  standard.  The  Am- 
erican Congress  is  reported  by  a.  corps  of  stenographers,  any  one  of 
whom  can  read  the  notes  of  the  others,  so  that  in  case  of  accident  by 
sickness  or  otherwise,  one  reporter  can  take  the  work  of  another  and 
transcribe  it.  The  reporters  by  the  AMKKICAN  S  ANUAKD  system, 
which  is  founded  on  the  same  plan  of  logical  consistency  and  simpli- 
city that  is  used  by  the  Congressional  Reporters,  read  each  other's 
notes  with  the  same  facility,  and  as  this  method  is  the  simplified  and 
improved  Benn  Pitman  style,  and  is  the  oldest  system  practised,  and 
necessarily  the  one  used  by  the  large  majority  of  professionals,  it  is 
the  best  system  for  the  stu  lent,  to  adopt  as  his  standard.  Uniformity 
in  shorthand  writing  has  more  advantages  than  can  be  enumerated  in 
this  connection.  When  this  condition  is  reached,  shonhand  will  be 
in  as  general  use  as  longhand  is  to-day,  and  the  only  thing  that  keeps 
it  from  becoming  as  popular  is  the  wrangle  of  system  makers,  who 
will  not  work  to  this  end,  but  labor  only  for  the  selfish  purpose  of  a  little 
fame  and  less  money  in  projecting  systems  of  ephemeral  duration. 
Again,  all  systems  except  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD  are  so  arbitrarily 
constructed  that  no  two  writers  of  any  one  of  them  writes  in  uni- 
formity with  any  other.  The  principles  are  so  arbitrary,  the 
devices  and  contractions  so  complicated  that  practioners  vary  in  their 
choice  of  writing  words,  and  so  find  it  difficult  to  read  each  other's 
notes.  The  AMERICAN  STANDARD  is  founded  and  carried  out  upon  a 
plan  of  simplicity  and  analogy,  avoiding  arbitrary  and  illogical 
methods,  so  that  all  can  write  it  with  perfect  uniformity,  and  gain  with 
it  the  highest  results  attained  in  shorthand  reporting. 


SHOR  TH AND—PHONOGRAPHY. 


HOW    TEACHING    IS    DONE. 

T3EGINNERS  are  taught  the  system  most  in  use  in  this  country  ; 
f)  wiule  students  of  any  of  the  other  systems  are  advanced  into  re- 
porting practise  by  the  systems  they  have  studied.  All  instruction  is 
imparted  by  dictation,  in  the  very  manner  the  art  will  be  employed 
when  learned.  There  is  no  dull,  unin  cresting  routine  of  reciting 
lessons.  '1  he  principles  are  learned  and  applied  by  practise  from 
actual  dictation,  and  the  pupil  is  made  as  ready  in  reading  his  notes 
as  in  writing  them. 

Pupils  are  invited  to  spend  their  entire  time  at  the  College  during 
business  hours,  in  practise  in  reading  their  notes,  and  writing  with  each 
other,  when  not  engaged  in  classes,  or  practising  typewriting  for  a 
change  or  rest. 

Lessons  may  be  taken  at  the  rate  of  one,  two,  three,  four  or  five  a 
week,  day-time  or  evening,  by  mail  or  orally,  as  the  pupil  finds  most 
convenient.  The  student  makes  the  best  progress  on  three  lessons  a 
week  if  he  has  only  a  portion  of  his  time  to  study.  Those  having 
command  of  the  entire  time  do  best  by  taking  five  or  six  lessons  a  week. 

SPECIAL    OPPORTUNITIES, 

THE  POPULARITY  attained  by  the  College,  together  with  the 
success  achieved  by  it  in  obtaining  positions  for  graduates,  have  at- 
tracted the  aitention  of  business  men  and  those  in  need  of  steno- 
graphic help,  who  are  almost  daily  applying  to  us  for  stenographers. 
Competent  pupils  are  favored  with  reporting  of  this  kind,  for  which  they 
receive  the  full  rates  paid  the  profession. 

Thru  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Scott-Browne's  BUREAU  stenographers  are 
constantly  being  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  country  to  take  dictations  or 
report  Congressional  and  other  Committees,  Conventions,  Boards, 
Literary  Societies,  Business  Meetings,  Political  Speeches,  Associ- 
ations, Trials,  etc.,  etc. 

Besides  these  opportunities  for  pupils  doing  actual  work,  those  who 
learn  to  operate  a  typewriter  (see  description  on  another  page)  are 
taken  into  our  business  office  and  trained  in  writing  business  letters 
from  dictation  and  transcribing  them  on  the  machine,  thus  gaining 
actual  business  experience. 

TIME    REQUIRED  TO  GRADUATE. 

A  THREE  months'  course  in  the  study  of  shorthand  alone  is  gen- 
erally sufficient  to  fit  for  amanuensis'  work  of  moderate  require^ 
ments.     Some  students  remain  in  the  College  longer  and  attain  higher 
proficiency,  obtaining  thereby  a  better  position  and  larger  salary. 
LESSONS   BY    MAIL. 

FOR  information  as  to  how  lessons  are  given  successfully  thru  the 
mail  write  us  on  the  subject.  We  have  developed  the 
most  successful  method  of  giving  instruction  by  mail  now  in  use  ; 
many  graduates,  as  may  be  seen  on  another  page,  having  mastered 
the  art  thoroly  by  such  lessons  an4  are  tuny  in  remunerative  short- 
hand positions. 


6  ALL    ABOUT 

TYPEWRITING. 

THIS  is  a  rapid  means  of  rendering  shorthand  notes  into  readable 
shape  and  is  done  by  a  machine  made  for  that  purpose,  a  know- 
ledge of  which  is  indispensible  to  the  stenographer.  Typewriting  is 
taught  in  the  Scott-Browne  Chain  of  Phonographic  Colleges,  where 
the  most  thoro  knowledge  of  Phonography  is  imparted.  As  an  ak! 
to  the  mastery  of  this  little  machine,  which  is  learned  in  a  short 
time,  we  would  recommend  Scott-Browne's  Typewriting  Instructor,  a 
description  of  which  may  be  seen  on  another  page. 

EXCHANGE   OF    BOOKS. 

WRITERS  of  other  systems  who  would  prefer  taking  instruction 
in  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD  method  and  exchange  for  the  books 
of    the  latter  system,   can  do  so  at  a  trifling  expense.     It  may  be 
stated  that  other  books  that  are  to  be  displaced  by  the  series  recom- 
mended here  will  be  accepted  at  one  fourth  their  cost  price. 

TERMS    FOR    INSTRUCTION. 

THE   TERMS  for  lessons  will  be  found  on  the  last  outside  cover 
page  of  this  pamphlet.     We  invite  correspondence  in  regard  to 
our  school,  board,  etc.,   etc.,  which  information  we  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  any  correspondent. 

CHAIN    OF    PHONOGRAPHIC    COLLEGES. 

^PHIS  school  is  a  branch  of  the  Cham  of  Phonographic  Colleges 
1  established  by  Mr.  D.  L.  Scott-Browne,  author  of  the  AMERICAN 
STANDARD  system. The  purpose  of  Mr.Scott-Browne  in  establishing  this 
chain  of  colleges  is  to  confer  benefits  upon  our  graduates  by  his  sys 
tem,  especially,  and  to  help  those  who  complete  their  courses  ot 
instruction  by  any  other  system  in  our  school.  Our  graduates  will. 
by  request,  if  their  application  is  accompanied  by  the  recommendation 
of  their  teacher,  have  their  names  registered  free  of  charge  on  the 
books  of  the  Bureau  for  Supplying  Stenographic  Help,  at  Mr.  Scott- 
Browne's  office  in  New-York,  and  such  persons  will  be  shown  a  pre- 
ference over  all  other  stenographers  in  obtaining  positions. 

To  persons  contemplating  taking  up  the  study  of  Phonography  it 
will  be  seen  that  this  advantage,  together  with  the  advantage  of  writing 
the  system  most  practised  by  reporters,  will  be  found  a  very  material 
aid  to  their  success.  This  chain  of  Phonographic  Colleges  forms  the 
only  system  of  its  kind  in  existence,  and  they  are  the  only  schools 
that  not  only  take  the  pupil  through  the  theory  of  shorthand,  but 
also  establish  him  or  her  in  its  practise,  by  watching  the  graduate's 
course  continually,  and  recommending  him  for  a  position  at  the 
earliest  opportunity  after  his  graduation.  It  must  not  be  understood 
however  that  positions  are  guaranteed,  as  the  plan  is  simply  to  unite 
the  influence  of  many  gschools  with  that  of  the  popularity  of  the 
original  school  in  New- York,  and  confer  upon  the  graduates  of  our 
school  the  benefits  of  the  combined  chain  of  colleges.  It  may  be  seen 


jiow  by  this  means  a  young  stenographer  without  acquaintance  or  in- 
fluence may  have  some  one  who  has  the  power  derived  from  such 
position  to  aid,  recommend,  introduce  and  plead  his  case,  and  help 
him  to  make  a  success  of  his  undertaking.  This  is  a  benefit  not 
conferred  by  any  other  system  or  school  to  one  tenth  the  extent  it  is 
carried  out  in  this  strong  and  popular  combination. 

BOARD. 

BOARD  will  be  procured  for  pupils  to  suit  their  tastes,  varying  in 
price  from  moderate  to  dear,  according  to  the  style  desired.     By 
correspondence  we  could  tell  the  exact  cost  of  board.     It  will  only  be 
necessary  for  the  student  to  call  at  the  office  of  the  College,  or  write, 
and  state  what  he  desires  in  board,  etc.,  etc.,  in  order  to  be  suited. 

MONEY    MATTERS. 

OUPILS"  money  will  be  deposited  in  Bank  when  desired,  and  drafts, 
1  checks  or  post-office  orders  cashed,  thus  saving  them  trouble  and 
expense. 

THE  "AMERICAN    STANDARD"  SERIES   OF   PHONO- 
GRAPHIC   TEXT-BOOKS. 

npHE  following  list  of  works  are  the    only   books   from   which    the 
1    popular  AMERICAN  STANDARD  system  of  Phonography  can  be 
learned.     They  differ  from  other  shorthand  books  in   the  following 
general  particulars  : 

FIRST: — They  have  been  prepared  with  special  reference  to  the 
student's  rapid  acquisition  of  the  art  for  any  particular  branch  of  the 
profession,  or  for  general  reporting.  If  a  knowledge  of  law  reporting 
only  is  desired,  the  Reporter's  Book  of  Legal  Forms  and  the  chapter 
en  Law  Reporting,  in  Part  II.  Text-Book,  will  give  all  the  desired  in- 
formation without  hampering  the  mind  of  the  student  with  principles, 
terms  and  technicalities  which  apply  only  to  other  branches  of  the 
profession.  In  learning  the  art  for  business  letter  writing  the  student 
is  aided  by  the  Book  of  Shorthand  Abbreviations,  the  Business  Letter 
Book  for  practise,  and  the  chapters  in  Part  II.  on  the  Qualifications 
and  Requirements  of  an  Amanuensis.  The  Literary  Reader  and 
chapters  in  Part  II.  are  for  study  in  the  mastery  of  the  art  for  general 
or  literary  reporting. 

SECOND  : — Unlike  any  other  series  of  books,  each  one  of  the  set  is 
in  perfect  harmony  with  every  other  one,  and  the  lessons  are  graded 
from  the  simple  to  the  most  advanced  style  of  reporting  without  a 
single  change  in  phonographic  outlines.  All  words  used  as  abbrevi- 
ations remain  the  same  thruout  the  system,  so  that  whatever  the 
student  learns  in  the  beginning  does  not  have  to  be  changed  to  his 
utter  confusion  and  discouragement  as  he  advances,  as  is  the  case  in 
all  other  systems  to  a  very  considerable  extent. 

THIRD  : — No  revision  has  been  made  of  the  system  used  by  nine 
tenths  of  the  reporters  of  this  country  for  twenty  years,  till  the  intro- 
duction of  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD  series  of  Text-Books,  and  the  art 


ALL  ABOUT 


up  to  twenty  years  ago  was  founded  only  on  theory.  The  profession 
of  shorthand  reporting  has  been  popularized  and  has  grown  to 
enormous  proportions  during  the  past  twenty  years.  To  incorporate 
the  new  principles  and  improved  methods  of  practise,  as  well  as  to 
present  more  concisely  and  clearly  those  principles  that  have  hereto- 
fore been  confusing,  it  has  been  necessary  to  revise  the  present  work 
six  times  since  its  issue  in  August,  1882.  It  can  hardly  be  expected 
that  more  than  slight  typographical  errors  will  need  to  be  altered  in 
fie  books  for  several  years  at  least,  as  it  could  not  be  expected  that  the 
art  will  change  as  much  in  the  next  twenty  years  as  it  has  in  the  past; 
but  if  it  should  the  latest  revisions  of  the  series  will  be  in  accordance 
therewith. 

FOURTH  : — In  this  system  new  principles  have  been  developed  that 
makes  Phonography  more  uniform  than  it  has  been  heretofore  ;  pre- 
venting the  unlimited  amount  of  individuality  in  the  formation  of 
words  and,  necessarily,  great  irregularity  that  has  been  the  conse- 
quence. By  the  principles  of  Analogy  and  Syllabication  derivative 
outlines  must  correspond  with  their  primitives  and  thus  uniformity  is 
established  almost  to  a  certainty.  Take  the  book  of  "Abbreviations" 
which  provides  forms  for  all  that  class  of  words  that  are  arbitrarily 
and  of  necessity  written  out  of  analogy,  and  uniformity  is  perfectly 
established,  and  that,  too,  by  the  simplification  of  the  system  instead 
of  complicating  it  with  expedients,  devices,  etc.  By  this  plan  the 
system  is  relieved  of  its  unnecessary  burdensome  character  which 
heretofore  has  made  it  such  a  herculean  task  to  master :  Now  the 
thousands  of  arbitrary  principles  and  abbreviations  have  been  reduced 
to  but  a  very  few  hundred. 

FIFTH  : — As  may  be  seen  by  the  appended  commendations  of 
professional  reporters,  teachers  and  others,  this  system  is  superior  to 
all  others  and  is  the  most  popular. 

In  the  following  description  of  the  books  some  more  particular  differ- 
ences and  advantages  will  be  noted,  and  the  order  given  in  which  they 
should  be  studied. 

1 — Text-Book  of  Phonography^  Part  I,  prepared  for  the  school- 
room or  for  the  student's  self-instruction.  Presents  the  reporting 
style  of  the  art  in  graded  lessons,  with  reading  and  writing  exercises; 
elucidating  the  theory  in  a  clear,  concise  and  fascinating  manner.  Is 
a  perfect  manual  of  the  art.  Price  ....  $1.00. 

2 — Phonographic  Copy  Book,  No.  1,  contains  single  and  com- 
bined consonants  and  simple  vowels  with  blank  lines  for  their  practise, 
and  should  be  used  with  the  above  text-book.  Price  -  -  25  cents. 

3 — Copy  Book,  No.  2,  same  as  above  with  practise  on  the  extra 
vowels,  punctuation,  capitalization,  emphasis,  dipthongs,  joined 
vowel  ticks,  circles  and  loops.  Price  25  cents. 

4 — First  Phonographic  Reader  :  Affords  reading  and  writing 
practise  on  the  reporting  principles  of  the  art  as  employed  in  a  simple 
style  of  language,  and  gives  lists  of  abbreviations  "at  the  head  of  each 
lesson,  which  occur  in  the  lesson,  so  that  when  the  work  has  been 


SffOR  TH AND— PHONOGRAPHY. 


completed  the  student  has  had  all  the  important  abbreviations  pre- 
sented  to  him  in  reading  practise,  which  is  the  easiest  manner  of 
memorizing  them,  differing  in  this  respect  from  all  other  phono- 
graphic readers.  Price  ......  -50  cents. 

5 — Key  to  the  Reader.  Hardly  necessary,  as  the  Phonography 
is  perfectly  legible  to  any  one  who  thoroly  masters  the  principles  in 
the  preceeding  books.  This  work  is  the  popular  Appleton  Third 
Reader,  and  many  may  already  possess  it.  Price  50  cents. 

6 — Text-Book  of  Phonography,  Part  IL  contains  forty  chap- 
ters, illustrating  every  possible  application  of  the  principles  to 
practise,  with  appropriate  exercises  for  the  student  in  confirming  his 
knowledge  for  ready  application  in  time  of  need.  Chapters  on  the 
new  principles  of  Analogy  and  Syllabication  are  given  to  illustrate  their 
infinite  importance  in  the  practise  of  the  art.  Speed,  or  the 
Philosophy  of  Rapid  Writing  is  treated  in  a  manner  never  before 
attempted,  and  which  will  be  found  full  of  information  and  encourage- 
ment when  the  student  attains  that  point  where  doubt  and  difficulty 
would  be  likely  to  discourage  him.  The  qualifications  and  require- 
ments necessary  for  reporting  are  explained  as  well  as  the  conditions 
under  which  a  stenographer  works.  Young  stenographers  errors  are 
pointed  out  so  that  they  may  be  avoided,  business  grooves  indicated, 
equipments  explained,  and  rates  or  salaries  given.  The  work  is  an 
exhaustive  treatise  on  the  practise  of  the  art,  being  unique  in  this 
respect,  and  the  only  book  published  from  which  such  information  can 
be  gained.  Students  as  well  as  professional  stenographers  of  all  sys 
terns  require  it  as  a  book  of  reference  and  directions,  general  advice 
and  instructions.  Price  .._-.-.  $2.00. 

7 — Book  of  Shorthand  Abbreviations  contains  a  complete 
tabulated  list  of  all  the  "word-signs"  or  abbreviations  of  the  system, 
together  with  a  reference  vocabulary  of  three  thousand  words  in  com- 
mon use,  words  of  peculiar  construction,  and  words  that  have  been 
written  in  various  ways,  establishing  uniformity  for  the  first  time  in 
any  system  ;  phrase-signs,  longhand  abbreviations  used  in  business, 
and  400  names  of  persons,  places,  etc.;  engraved  in  a  style  of  the  art 
never  before  approached  for  clearness  and  beauty.  Bound  in  limp 
cloth  for  convenience  in  carrying  in  the  pocket  for  reference  and 
study.  Price -  -  -  -50  cents. 

8 — Reporters  Book  of  Legal  Forms,  showing  how  the  law  re- 
porter in  taking  testimony  indicates  questions  and  answers,  objections, 
rulings  of  the  court,  remarks  of  the  counsel,  exhibits,  etc.,  etc.: 
designed  to  aid  the  f  tudent  mastering  the  art  for  law  reporting,  with 
key  showing  how  transcripts  are  made  out.  Price  -  -  25  cents. 

9 — Literary  Phonographic  Reader:  Prepared  for  reading  and 
wrking  practise  as  an  aid  to  the  student  in  general  or  literary  report 
ing,  with  nter-paprcd  key.  Price  -----  25  cents 
•  10 — Books  of  Business  Letters  form  a  collection  of  letters  foi 
dictation  practise  in  gaining  shorthand  speed,  and  a  knowledge  of 
business  terms  and  technicalities.  The  subjects  of  the  letters  are  Dry 


T»  ALL  ABOUT 

Goods,  Agencies,  Advertising,  Brokerage,  Collections,  Credit,  Insur- 
ance, Railroading,  Manufacturing,  etc.,  etc.,  covering  hundreds  of 
kinds  of  businesses — such  letters  as  have  never  appeared  in  print 
before,  and  which  have  been  collected  with  great  difficulty  from  busi- 
ness houses.  The  dictation  of  no  other  work  could  be  so  valuable 
to  a  young  stenographer  for  shorthand  practise.  These  books  are 
prepared  in  small  and  cheap  editions  to  suit  the  convenience  of 
purchasers.  No  student  would  need  all  of  them.  Most  students 
would  probably  not  need  more  than  one,  depending  upon  the  class  of 
work  they  would  be  required  to  do,  or  for  which  they  were  being 
fitted.  The  contents  of  each  volume  will  show  the  character  of  letters 
contained.  Those  fitting  for  insurance  offices  would  need  all  the 
letters  on  that  subject,  which  would  be  found  in  Parts  III.  and  IV. 
Agencies,  Advertising,  Brokerage,  etc.,  would  be  found  in  Part  III. 
and  other  branches  of  business  in  Parts  Land  II.  Below  will  be 
found  the  list  of  businesses  represented  by  letters  in  the  several 
parts  already  prepared.  Other  parts  will  be  issued  from  time  to 
time,  till  the  subject  of  business  correspondence  is  completely  covered. 
They  are  bound  in  uniform  style,  in  cloth,  and  sold  at  7  j  cenl  s  per  copy. 

Part  I.  contains  letters  under  the  general  head  of  Agriculture,  on 
implements,  vehicles,  fowls  and  live  stock.  Under  the  head  of  Com- 
merce railroading  letters  are  given.  Price  -  -  -  75  cents. 

Part  II.  completes  letters  on  railroading,  cotton  and  wool,  oil  and 
fuel,  groceries  and  provisions,  and  dry  goods.  Price  -  -  75  cents. 

Part  III.  completes  letters  on  dry  goods,  printing  and  publishing, 
and  gives,  under  head  of  Finance,  letters  on  advertising,  agencies, 
brokerage,  collections,  credit  and  insurance.  Price  -  -  75  cents. 

1 1 — Scott-Browne's  Typewriting  Instructor.  A  work  presenting 
fac-simile  models  of  typewriter  copying,  giving  specimens  of  legal 
forms,  such  as  testimony,  affidavits  and  summonses  ;  specifications, 
business  letters,  bills,  addressed  envelopes,  tabulated  matter,  literary 
and  general  work.  A  book  that  will  be  valuable  even  to  typewriter 
copyists  as  a  model  for  correct  forms,  and  to  the  beginner  invaluable 
on  account  of  its  graded  practise  exercise  in  fac-simile,  which  will  aid 
to  a  mastery  of  the  typewriter  in  a  very  short  time.  It  is  adapted  to  all 
writing  machines,  several  styles  being  represented  on  its  title  page. 
Price  -  ...  50  cents. 

12 — Browne's  Phonographic  Monthly  and  Reporters  Journal  5 
organ  of  the  profession,  issued  the  isth  of  each  month,  gives  fac- 
similes of  professional  reporters'  notes,  with  key,  portraits  and  bio- 
graphical sketches,  phonographic  news  thruout  the  world,  together 
with  editorial  and  general  discussions  and  the  presentation  of  matters 
of  vital  importance  to  stenographers  of  all  systems;  unsectarian,  un- 
trammeled,  fearless  and  vigorous,  denouncing  frauds  and  encouraging 
everything  tending  to  advance  the  art,  and  aiding  the  student  by 
good  counsel  and  advice.  Invaluable  to  any  stenographer  who  is 
looking  forward  to  the  bettering  of  his  condition.  A  sample  copy 
free  :  20  cents  a  number  :  §2.00  a  year. 


What  Teachers  and  Stenographers  Say 

or  THE 
American  Standard  Series  of  Phonographic  Text-Books. 


From  B.  M.  JAQOB,  Traveling  Salesman  of  the  Caligraph,  721  Chestnut 

Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

You  must  not  fear  about  the  success  of  Part  II.  It  indeed  supplies  a 
want  long  felt  by  stenographers  in  general.  I  received  the  advanced  copy 
in  Pittsburg,  and  had  many  chances  of  showing  it,  and  in  all  instances  it 
was  pronounced  "The  very  thing  that  was  needed."  No  shorthand 
writer,  no  matter  what  his  stenographic  creed  may  be,  can  afford  to  be 
without  it.  It  is  the  stenographer's  friend,  containing  a  fund  of  informa- 
tion no  where  else  to  be  found,  and  never  before  offered  in  any  publica- 
tion to  the  fraternity  of  shorthanders— a  recourse  to  which  may  be  desir- 
able at  any  moment.  It  is  a  "  gem  "  as  far  as  binding  and  typographical 
appearance  is  concerned,  being  finely  printed,  every  "  hair-line  "  of  each 
character  "coming up"  or  "brought  out"  legibly,  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  most "  Peter  Precise  "  m  the  art  typographic.  I  predict  immense  sales. 
All  stenographers,  both  experts  and  learners,  will  be  compelled  to  use  Part 
II.  as  one  of  their  "  handy  volumes."  Have  just  sold  my  own  copy  to  a 
teacher  of  "  Longley's  Ike,"  also  a  copy  of  Abbreviations.  He  is  delighted 
with  your  books,  and  says  if  it  were  not  for  re-learning  the  vowel  scale 
of  position  he  certainly  would  teach  his  pupils  "Scott-Browne."  I  meet 
many  like  him— the  fact  is,  there  is  no  system  to  compare  with  the  Ameri- 
can Standard.  I  had  a  talk  with  a  prominent  teacher  of  shorthand  in  this 
city,  who  holds  one  of  the  best  paying  positions  in  the  place,  during  which 
he  said  he  used  your  books  m  teaching  "Isaac  Pitman."  He  "could  get 
better  forms  and  outlines,  besides  ideas,"  which  he  "  used  to  considerable 
advantage." 

From  THEO.  F.  SHTJET,  of  the  corps  of  U,  8.  Senate  Reporters,  "Washing. 

ton,  D.  C.,  a  writer  of  the  "  Old  Phonography." 

1  have  carefully  examined  your  TEXT-BOOK  or  PHONOGRAPHY,  Part 
II.  Wedded  as  I  am  to  the  Old  Phonography,  I  find  in  your  volume  many 
new  and  valuable  principles  which,  if  I  were  a  young  writer,  I  should  be  glad 
to  adopt,  as  I  regard  them  to  be  perfectly  safe  in  practise.  Prior  to  last 
year  I  invariably  recommended  Benn  Pitman's  Manual  to  those  seeking 
information  on  the  subject,  considering  that  to  be  the  safest  approach  to 
the  Old  Fifth  Edition.  I  then  became  convinced  that  the  system  as  laid 
down  in  your  TEXT-BOOK,  Part  I,  is  more  legible  and  philosophical,  and 
changed  my  recommendation  accordingly.  Now  that  I  see  it  so  ably  and 
fully  carried  out  in  Part  II.  I  feel  clearly  justified  in  so  doing.  I  would 
particularly  commend  to  young  writers  the  matter  beginning  with  chap, 
xxiv.,  containing  practical  information  which  in  my  own  case  (having 
begun  the  study  of  Phonography  when  a  raw  country  youth  of  fifteen) 
it  took  years  to  acquire. 


Prom  FRED  R.  GUERNSEY,  an  old  reporter  by  the  Isaac  Pitman  system, 
now  of  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Boston  Herald,  in  its  issue  of 

November  36th,  1884,  says: 

An  event  of  note  in  the  shorthand  world  is  the  publication  of  Part  II. 
of  Scott-Browne's  TEXT-BOOK  OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  The  book  has  been  in 
the  author's  hands  several  years,  and  represents  his  be.-t  work  in  the  de- 
velopment of  Phonography.  Whether  the  user  is  a  follower  of  his  system, 
(which  is  a  modification  of  Benn  Pitman's,)  or  not,  the  book  will  be  very  use- 
ful. The  chapters  on  writing  in  Analogy  and  Syllabication  are  good  pieces 
of  work,  and  are  worth  the  price  of  the  book.  Valuable  to  the  writers  of 
all  systems  are  the  chapters  on  law  reporting,  newspaper  reporting,  equip- 
ments, rates  and  salaries,  qualifications,  requirements,  etc.  There  is  a 
great  deal  is  this  volume  which  beginners  by  all  systems  ought  to  know. 
Scott-Browne  is  progressive,  and  gets  out  of  the  beaten  track  to  the  bene- 
fit of  his  readers.  His  Text-books  are  models  of  neatness  and  excellent 
arrangement. 


From  GEORGE  McDoNAU),  in  Truth  Seeker  (New  York),  of  which  he  is  one 

of  the  editorial  writers. 

Unlike  most  other  systems,  the  American  Standard  has  shown  itself  to 
be  progressive ;  the  author  did  not  stereotype  his  first  conceptions  and  put 
them  before  the  world  as  the  last  word  on  the  subject.  Where  he  has  seen 
opportunities  for  improvements,  those  improvements  have  been  unhesi- 
tatingly made.  These  are  not,  however,  in  the  direction  of  arbitrary  signs 
and  intricate  phrases,  but  in  the  way  of  consistency  and  legibility,  and 
involve  a  theory  of  analogy  which,  proceeding  from  an  established  princi- 
ple, carries  a  word  through  all  its  forms  without  changing  the  form  of  the 
primitive.  The  gain  by  this  method  in  legibility  must  be  apparent  to  all 
stenographers,  and  there  is  no  reason  for  fearing  any  sacrifice  of  speed. 


From  W.  A.  LAW,  Official  Stenographer  and  writer  of  the  Munson  system 

Spartanburg,  S.  C. 

I  am  delighted  with  TEXT- BOOK,  Part  11.  Having  examined  carefully 
half  a  dozen  of  the  most  popular  phonographic  text-books,  I  claim  for 
yours,  without  fear  of  contradiction,  superiority  in  comprehensiveness 
and  clearness.  But  what  strikes  me  most,  and  let  me  say  that  i  t  takes  a 
working  stenograpner  to  appreciate  this  fully,  is  the  vein  of  strong,  prac- 
tical common  sense  underlying  every  principle  you  advocate,  and  the  total 
absence  of  those  artistic  impossibilities  which  have  often  been  a  great 
drawback  to  your  g  reporters.  The  chapter  on  Prefixes  and  Affixes  is  ex- 
cellent ;  your  treatise  on  speed  is  a  valuable  acquisition  to  shorthand  liter  - 
ture.  These  are  not  half  the  good  points  which  a  rapid  glance  at  your 
book  has  revealed.  Charles  Dickens  said,  in  the  preface  to  "  David  Copper- 
field,"  that  he  regarded  th  .t  work  as  a  father  does  nis  favorite  child ;  as 
the  fa  her  of  SCOTT-BROWNE'S  TEXT- BOOK  you  are  the  subject  of  the 
heartiest  envy  on  the  part  of  the  fraternity.  You  should  be  proud  of 
your  boy. 


From  GEORGE  R.  BISHOP,  Stenographer  to  the  N.  Y.  Stock  Exchange. 

t  have  been  interested  in  looking  the  book  [Part  II.]  through  so  far  as 
I  have  had  time  to  do  so,  particularly  at  your  peculiar  use  of  the  back 
hook  following  the  s-circle,  formerly  used  for  tlm  after  the  s.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  for  convenience  of  adding  the  following  consonant  stroke  there 
would  often  be  a  good  deal  of  advantage  in  this  employment  of  it ;  and  the 
question  of  easy  junction  is  one  of  the  most  important  ones  in  Phonog- 
raphy—in compassing  a  difficult  one  a  writer  may  get  left  three  or  four 
signs  behind ;  and  I  am  in  favor  of  even  sacrificing  a  principle  of  analogy, 
occasionally,  to  accomplish  or  secure  these  easy  or  readily  written  angles. 
I  think  you  gain  something,  too,  by  appending,  or  inserting,  right  in  the 
text,  in  immediate  connection  with  the  explanation  of  forms  and  princi- 
ples, of  writing  exercises.  I  observed  that  you  had  come  round  to  the  use 
that  Mr.  Eugene  Davis  and  myself  have  for  years  made  of  the  h-tick  for 
Mm,  as  well  as  he  and  the.  I  am  much  pleased  with  the  sign  myself.  I  be- 
gan to  use  it  for  him  shortly  before  Mr.  Davis  did,  I  believe,  and  we  came 
to  the  use  of  it,  probably,  from  independent  reasoning  on  the  subject.  My 
reasoning  was  this :  if  the  sign  for  who  is  good  for  both  who  and  whom 
why  not  the  ft-tick  for  both  nominative  and  objective. 


From  JOHN  W.  BrLLiNQ,  East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  Stenographer  to  the  law 

firm  of  Tarsney  &  Weadock. 

Shorthand  Abbreviations  and  Parts  I.  and  II.  of  the  TEXT- BOOK  or 
PHONOGRAPHY  are  at  hand.  In  your  Abbreviations  I  find  many  improve- 
ments which,  m  my  judgment,  will  apply  to  defects  heretofore  observed 
in  Pitman's  and  Graham's  methods.  The  opportunity  for  forming  deriva- 
tives is  excellent.  There  were  many  outlines  written  before  in  which 
the  derivatives  bore  no  resemblance  to  the  primitives.  Tour  Text-Books 
are  simplicity  themselves,  and  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  all  who  desire 
to  study  the  art,  as  well  as  those  who  have  already  mastered  it.  They  do 
do  not  go  into  the  redundancy  so  much  observed  in  other  works  of  like 
character. 

From  CHARLES  C.  MIDWOOD,  Mechanicville,  N.  Y.,  an  old  practical  Short- 
hand writer  by  the  Pitman-Graham  method,  and  Stenographer  to 

the  Gen.  Man.  of  the  Boston,  Hoosao  Tunnel  &  Western  R.  R. 
I  have  read  your  Part  II.  TEXT-BOOK  through  from  the  first  page  to 
the  last  and  think  so  well  of  it  that  [  have  gone  back  to  first  principles, 
and  am  studying  it  very  thoroughly.  I  have  adopted  almost  all  of  the  ah* 
breviations  in  the  Book  of  Abbreviations  and  find  they  come  quite  readily 
Many  of  the  outlines  are  longer  than  Pitman's,  but  after  practising  them 
I  find  they  can  be  written  quite  as  rapidly  and  read  much  easier.  The 
chapter  on  Syllabication  is  one  that  cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated  by  all 
shorthand  writers.  I  have  no  doubt  that  many  writers,  as  well  as  myself, 
have  sometimes  found  stumbling-blocks  in  many  words  ending  in  the 
tion  syllable,  which  now  can  be  very  readily  overcome.  I  cannot  too 
highly  recommend  the  book,  and  shall  hereafter  recommend  it  to  aU 
students  I  may  teach. 


Prom  C.  C.  BRENNEMAN,  Stenographer  to  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railway 
Co.,  Birmingham,  Ala.,  former  writer  of  the  Graham  method. 
I  am  of  the  opinion  that  you  made  the  greatest  discovery  in  Phon- 
raphy  that  has  yet  been  disclosed  when  ycu  hit  upon  the  principles  of 
Syllabication  and  Analogy,  "which  work  together  in  the  majority 
of  words  in  perfect  harmony,  and  I  do  not  regret  at  all  the  two  years 
lhat  I  waited  for  the  single  purpose  of  seeing  your  Part  I.  come  out 
before  taking  up  the  art  for  practical  purposes,  and  I  only  regret  that 
I  could  not  have  been  in  New-York  under  vour  instruction  when  you 
were  preparing  your  admirable  Part  II. 


From  H.  P.  WORMLEY,  Quincy,  Cal.,  Official  Court  Stenographer,  by 

the  Marsh  system. 

I  am  very  much  pleased  with  your  TEXT-BOOK  OF  PHONOGRAPHY, 
and,  although  I  write  Marsh's  system,  I  find  many  things  in  your  book 
which  I  can  study  to  advantage. 

From  TIMOTHY  HORGAN,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  Stenographer  to   R.  H. 

White  &  Co. 

TEXT-BOOK  Part  II.  seems  to  be  "just  the  thing."  It  anticipates 
everything  that  might  be  of  use  to  the  student  or  necessary  for  him  to 
know,  and  gives  a  plain  and  satisfactory  exposition  of  phonographic 
principles.  I  was  very  much  puzzled  in  trying  to  understand  the 
omitting  of  vowels  in  rapid  writing,  or  rather,  "the  vowel  rule  of 
position,"  but  now  I  have  no  trouble.  I  have  received  more  for  my 
money  than  I  expected,  and  I  would  not  part  with  the  book  for  ten 
times  its  price. 

From  P.  E.  SWENEY,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Part  II.  TEXT-BOOK  is  just  the  thing  I  have  been  looking  for  for 
some  time.  Especially  does  it  please  me  where  you  point  out  the 
errors  which  the  young  stenographer  is  likely  to  fall  into.  It 
seems  to  me  that  chapter  was  written  for  my  special  benefit,  as 
several  of  the  bad  habits  there  pointed  out  I  had  already  fallen  into, 
but  I  trust  that  by  strictly  following  your  directions  I  shall  overcome 
them. 


From  JOHN  JACOBS,  of  Gardiner,  Me. 

I  am  pleased  with  your  Part  II.  TEXT-BOOK,  you  have  done 
splendidly  in  defining  the  laws  and  principles  of  shorthand  to  such  per- 
fection. You  have  Graham  and  Munson  by  the  ears,  and  they  will 
have  no  other  chance  for  stealing  improved  systems. 

From  F.  W.  PIRRITTE,  of  New  Market,  Out. 

I  am  very  much  pleased  that  I  have  adopted  your  system,  for  with 
six  weeks  study  I  gained  in  speed  several  words  more  than  I  could 
write  in  Munson's  system  after  seven  months'  study,  and  with  won- 
derfully increased  legibility. 


From  JOHN  N.  BRUNS,  of  Greenville,  N.  J. 

I  find  the  ROOK  OF  ABBREVIATIONS  so  valuable  even  to  my  systefii 
(Munson's)  that  I  should  not  hesitate  to  pay  $1.50  for  it,  if  such  were 
its  cost. 


From  J.  C.  ROUZER,  1540  Chouteau  Avenue,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

The  complete  set  of  your  TEXT-BOOKS  came  duly  to  hand,  and  to 
say  that  I  am  pleased  with  them  is  the  very  mildest  way  of  expressing 
it.  I  am  delighted  to  find  them  very  small  in  size,  but  very  complete 
in  the  text,  and  they  certainly  deserve  the  title  of  being  a  clear  cut 
set  of  TEXT-BOOKS  for  the  student  desiring  the  best  there  is  on  the 
subject.  ' 

From  P.  E.  and  NELLIE  M.  BEARDSLEY,  of  Falls  City,  Neb.,  Sten- 
ographers to  the  First  Judicial  District. 

Your  MONTHLY  is  always  a  welcome  visitor  and  is  studied  carefully 
by  the  entire  firm.  I  estimate  that  the  "  Hel "  and  "  Her  "  principles 
have  been  worth  to  us  all  we  have  ever  paid  for  the  MONTHLY  from 
the  first  number.  We  have  also  adopted  many  labor  saving  forms 
from  "  Offered  Improvements,"  which  could  only  have  been  found  in 
\he  MONTHLY. 

From  E.   A.  KILBOURNE,  Stenographer   to  Manager  of  Grand  Opera 

House,  Chicago,  111. 

To  criticise  the  MONTHLY  would  require  a  captiousness  amounting 
to  unfriendliness,  and  to  withhold  the  encouragement  and  praise 
the  work  honestly  merits,  would  be  equally  ungenerous.  I 
can  do  neither,  and  by  that  I  mean  that  I  have  no  fault  to  find,  and 
much  praise  to  offer. 


From  FRED.  R.  GUERNSEY,  of  the  Editorial 

I  was  very  glad  to  receive  from  my  newsman  several  numbers  of 
BROWNE'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY.  I  shall  do  all  in  my  power  to 
help  on  its  circulation.  Jf  is  the  best  Short  hand  Magazine  in  the  World. 
You  deserve  the  thanks  of  the  fraternity  for  your  energy  and  keen 
appreciation  of  what  the  Phonographic  world  demands  in  the  way  of 
a  bright  and  newsy  journal.  The  f  ac-similes  of  actual  reporting  notes 
are  invaluable.  

TEACHERS'  OPINIONS. 

From  REV.  J.  T.  WARD,  President  Westminster   Maryland  College, 
Westminster,    Md. 

I  have  been  very  much  pleased  with  your  text-books  of  Phonography 
of  which  I  have  Parts  I,  and  II.  I  am  not  a  professional  reporter,  but  I 
take  great  delight  in  Phonography.  It  is  a  scientific  and  beautiful 
art.  The  first  text-book  that  I  used  was  a  little  work  published  in 
New-York  by  Webster.  I  have  also  examined  Benn  Pitman's  and 
other  systems,  but  I  hare  never  met  with  any  which  I  regard  as 
(food  as  yours. 


Prom  SHOWN  &  HOLLAND,  Principals  of  the  Practical  Shorthand  School, 

61  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

We  have  long  desired  a  shorthand  text-book  with  better  arrangement 
than  Benn  Pitman's  text-books  have  at  present,  and  have  eagerly  exam- 
ined each  new  work  to  find  such.  "We  are  pleased  with  many  things  in 
your  Part  I.,  and  have  had  in  our  school  some  writers  of  your  system  who 
have  made  satisfactory  progress  under  our  instructions,  and  we  shall  be 
pleased  at  any  time  to  receive  others.  Part  II.  of  your  TEXT-BOOK  is  a 
guide  to  reporting  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  term.  We  have  examined 
your  Text-Rooks,  and  are  very  glad  to  find  that,  while  you  do  not  claim  a 
new  system  in  Phonography,  you  have  presented  the  Pitman  system  with 
but  slight  changes,  in  its  best  and  most  complete  form.  We  are  satisfied 
that  writers  of  every  system  will  find  in  your  book  much  that  is  valuable 
and  of  assistance  to  every  earnest  shorthander  in  reaching  the  goal  of  his 
ambition — a  more  thorough  practise  of  shorthand  writing  and  reading. 


From  W.  H.  WHEELER,  in  the  Auburn  Daily  Advertiser;  Benn  Pitman  re- 
porter and  member  of  the  editorial  staff  of  that  paper. 
The  Benn  Pitman  writers  have  brought  to  them  something  that  is  even 
more  philosophic  than  that  excellent  system,  and,  at  the  same  time,  nothing 
which  can  confuse  them  in  the  least. 


From  LOUCK&  CARROTHERS  &  BALL,  Proprietors  of  the  Capitol  City  Com- 
mercial College,  119  State  Street,  Albany,  N.  T. 

We  used  great  caution  in  selecting  a  text-book  of  shorthand  for  our 
College,  and  after  many  trials  with  various  other  authors  decided  to  adopt 
D.  L.  Scott-Browne's.  We  found  it  to  be  the  simplest,  and  still  the  most 
comprehensive  and  practical,  of  any  which  came  under  our  observation. 
Confident  that  it  will  meet  the  demand  of  the  class-room,  we  cheerfully 
recommend  it  to  the  public. 

From  J.  E.  SLOCUMB,  Principal  of  the  Phonographic  Department  of  The 

Nelson  Business  College,  Cincinnati,  O. 

I  have  carefully  examined  Part  II.  of  the  American  Standard  Series  of 
Text-Books,  and  recognize  in  it  the  completion  of  a  simple,  logical,  sys- 
tematical, philosophical  and  practical  system.  You  have  already  been 
battering  at  the  wall  of  erroneous  ideas  which  has  so  long  enshrouded 
Phonography;  but  in  this  work  you  have  reached  the  culminatining  point: 
the  wall  is  demolished,  its  destruction  is  complete.  The  chapter  on  Speed 
is  alone  worth  the  price  of  the  book.  It  shows  that  speed  does  not  consist, 
as  is  commonly  supposed,  in  burdening  the  mind  with  useless,  illogical, 
and  hence,  impracticable  phrases  and  arbitrary  word-signs;  but  in  the 
systematic  training  of  the  min'l  and  hand— the  mind  to  photograph,  as  it 
were,  instantaneously  the  words  as  they  fall  from  the  speaker's  lips,  and 
the  hand  to  as  rapidly  transfer  these  pictures  to  paper.  Your  treatment 
of  the  principles  of  Syllabication  and  Analogy  must  recommend  itself  to 
all.  The  book  is  original  in  its  plan,  clear  in  its  directions  and  philo- 
sophical in  its  teachings.  The  typographical  appearance  of  the  book  ia 
perfect. 


From  M.  A.  Vv" ALTER,  Principal  of  School  of  Phonography,  91  North 
Pearl  Street,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

I  have  been  using  Benn  Pitman's  Manual  in  my  school  in  this  city, 
but  think  I  would  prefer  your  book,  as  it  has  always  been  a  hobby  of 
mine  to  keep  the  root  word  in  the  derivative  i^  possible,  and  that 
Pitman  does  not  do. 

From  W.  C.  SPEAKMAN,  Steclcvillc,  Pa. 

Allow  me  to  compliment  you  on  your  truly  valuable  work.  Your 
books  are  permeated  with  good  common  sense, an  ingredient  not  found 
in  excess  in  the  majority  of  Phonographic  books.  I  shall  lay  the  old 
time  works  on  the  shelf  and  endeavor  to  improve  my  notesby  follow- 
ing the  principles  of  the  AMERICAN  STANDARD.  I  am  a  Pitman  writer 
and  have  long  since  wondered  why  some  one  had  not  made  a  common- 
sense  improvement  on  that  once  grand  but  now  antiquated  system. 
My  wonder  ceases  when  I  review  your  books. 

From  W.  F.  FITZGERALD,  Teacher,  West  Troy,  N.  Y. 

I  am  greatly  pleased  with  your  series  of  text-books.  I  recently 
sold  a  set  of  them  to  a  young  man  who  took  lessons  of  me  in  the 
Pitman  system,  and  he  expresses  much  satisfaction  with  the  simpli- 
city and  uniformity  of  your  system. 


From  N.  I.  CONOLY,  a  graduate  under  Graham   and    Teacher  in  his 

School. 

I  find  many  things  in  your  Part  II.  that  are  valuable  to  students  of 
the  art.  Its  simplicity  and  explicit  directions  must  be  appreciated  by 
every  lover  of  shorthand.  Mr.  Underbill's  chapter  on  law  reporting 
is  a  model  of  terseness  and  amplitude  of  instruction  which  every 
student  will  do  well  to  study. 

From  Lou  C.  HANS,  Wichita,  Kans.,  Teacher  of  Phonography. 

I  have  a  complete  set  of  your  TEXT-BOOKS  and  can  say  they  are 
worth  their  weight  in  gold.  I  am  sure  I  have  gained  20  words  in 
speed  from  the  use  of  your  Part  II.  TEXT- BOOK. 

From  D.  P.  LINDSLEY,  author  of  Takigraphy,  in  his  Shorthand  Writer. 
Mr.  Browne  is  a  teacher,  and  embodies  his  experience  in  teaching 
the  art.  He  could  not  fail  to  make  a  work  of  at  least  some  practical 
utility.  Mr.  Browne  duz  not  claim  to  present  a  new  system.  Here- 
tains  the  old  Pitman  aliabet  of  the  nimh  edition,  avoiding  the  inver- 
sion of  the  vowel  scale,  which  made  such  a  turmoil  in  England  and 
America  ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  and  which  Munson  and  more  re- 
cently Longley  have  adopted.  Mr.  Browne's  presentation  of  the 
elements  is  clear  and  practical.  The  joind  vowel  ticks  of  Lesson  VI 
are  a  good  feature,  and  the  joining  of  the  Oa  in  Oasis  by  means  of  the 


Wa  sign  is  quite  ingenious.  He  also  gives  a  joind  JF"-tick  which  is 
convenient.  The  work  before  us  contains  only  Part  I,  and  com- 
prizes only  the  elements  and  principles  of  contractions,  the  applica- 
tion of  these  principles  being  reserved  for  Part  II.  Mr.  Browne  claims 
among  other  things  the  following  distinguishing  features  for  his 
work: 

I. — A  convenient  order  of  arrangement — reading  and  writing 
lessons  following  the  text. 

2. — Simplified  directions  and  rules. 

3. — A  clear  analysis  of  the  vowel  elements. 

4. — Positiv  values  for  the  difthongal  signs  (making  them  independ- 
ent of  position.) 

5- — Following  vowels  joind  to  difthongs. 

6. — Joining  brief  IV  and  Y  almost  invariably  initially  and  medially. 

7. — Vowels  preceding  or  following  the  brief  W  or  Y  exprest  by 
ioind  signs. 

8. — Simplifying  the  writing  of  //. 

9. — Changing  Conflicting  and  illegible  word-signs. 
10. — Reducing  their  number  from  six  thousand  to  about  five  hundred. 
II. — Sparing  use  of  the  halving  principle. 
12. — Improving  the  prefix  signs. 

These  improvemcn'.s  are  all  apparently  in  the  right  direction  and 
aim  at  securing  advantages  for  Fonografy.  We  think  that  Browne 
has  made  a  useful  work,  and  one  that  those  determind  to  adhere  to 
the  old  Fonografy  wil  do  wel  to  study. 


PRESS'    OPINIONS. 


From  the  American  Bookseller,  April  2nd,  1883. 

Scott-Browne's  Text  Book  of    Phonography    is    the    most   concise 
work  upon  this  art  that  has  been  brought  before  our  notice. 


From  the  Norristown  Herald,  Pa. 

We  have  examined  with  much  pleasure  the  Text-Book  of  Phonog- 
raphy by  D.  L.  Scott-Browne;  it  is  a  complete  and  concise  work  and 
may  be  used  to  the  greatest  advantage  by  those  intending  to  pursue 
the  study  of  this  subject,  as  it  is  becoming  the  system  of  shorthand. 


From  THE  EDITOR  of  Magazine  fuer  Stenographie  of  Berlin,  Germany. 

The  editor  of  the  most  favorite  shorthand  journal  in  America  offers 
hereby  in  a  very  excellent  shape  and  representation  a  text-book  of 
Benn  Pitman's  Phonography,  the  principal  system  of  Shorthand  in 
America,  augmented  by  such  improvements  as  the  author  found  prac- 
tical during  his  long  activity  as  teacher  of  Shorthand.  Authors  of 
German  text-books  of  shorthand  might  consider  this  work  a  model  in 
every  direction. 


From  ThoMAs  ANDERSON,  author  and  critic,  London,  England. 

I  should  like  to  say  a  word  about  the  Text-Book,  and  I  shall  say  it 
as  I  have  always  endeavored  to  do  in  criticising  shorthand  books, 
guardedly  and  conscientiously.  In  the  first  place  then,  it  is  well  and 
elegantly  got  up  both  inside  and  out.  What  to  my  mind,  however,  is 
of  greater  importance  is  this  :  that  on  a  pretty  cursory  inspection  I 
find  it  to  be  a  more  complete,  elaborate  and  systematic  presentation 
of  Phonography  than  is  anything  of  Pitman's  from  the  great  Isaac's 
own  attempts  down  to  the  attempts  of  independent  potters  at  his  plan. 
I  shall  take  any  good  opportunity  I  may  be  favored  with  to  speak  a 
good  word  for  the  MONTHLY  as  well  as  to  give  the  Text-Book  all  ap- 
propriate praise. 

From  the  Notre  Dame  Scholastic,  Sept.,  30,  1882. 

This  is  not  a  new  system  of  Phonography,  but  simply  a  new  pre- 
sentation of  the  old  and  popular  system  of  Benn  Pitman.  The  author 
of  the  new  Text-Book,  well  known  as  the  editor  of  BROWNE'S  PHONO- 
GRAPHIC MONTHLY,  and  teacher  of  the  art  of  shorthand  in  New- York 
City,  has  incorporated  in  his  work  such  modifications  as  during  a 
course  of  eight  years  teaching,  and  in  the  practice  by  reporters  by 
that  method  during  the  past  ten  or  twelve  years  have  been  suggested 
and  deemed  worthy  of  acceptance.  Many  of  these  are  valuable — 
one  of  them  alone,  the  tick  joined  to  the  double  vowel  signs 
to  express  a  third  vowel,  as  in  royal,  trowel,  continmty,  etc., 
is  worth  the  price  of  the  book  to  any  stenographer.  Scott-Btowne's 
Text- Book  professes  to  "discard  many  of  the  expedients,  devises,  con- 
tractions, word-signs,  arbitrary  and  illogical  principles  found  in 
other  text-books  and  not  found  in  the  practice  of  reporters."  Scott- 
Browne's  text-book  is  a  decided  improvement  over  the  Benn  Pitman 
method  of  writing  and  offers  many  devices  that  will  prove  useful  to 
writers  by  all  methods.  The  lessons — 24  in  number — are  admirably 
arranged  in  consecutive  order  and  fully  illustrated  with  engravings. 
The  print  is  clear,  on  fine  toned  paper  and  the  book  is  creditable 
alike  10  author  and  publisher. 

From  Every  Evening,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Students  of  the  Benn  Pitman  system  of  shorthand,  will  find  in  Part 
i.  a  clear  and  concise,  yet  comprehensive,  manual  of  the  elements  of 
the  art  as  practiced  by  a  large  majority  of  professional  stenographers 
of  the  United  States.  The  author  claims  for  the  book  that  it  embodies 
the  improvements  made  in  the  last  ten  years.  Whether  it  embodies 
all  of  them  or  not  is  probably  a  question  upon  which  no  two  practical 
stenographers  will  agree,  as  each  member  of  the  profession  almost 
insensibly  acquires  and  adopts  little  pecularities  and  individualities 
which  he  grows  in  time  to  cherish,  if  not  overvalue,  but  it  can  be 
truly  said  that  if  the  student  masters  the  lessons  contained  in  this 
book  he  will  need  little  but  earnest  practice  of  what  he  has  acquired 
to  fit  himself  for  verbatim  reporting.  The  author  seems  to  have 
selected  in  the  main  very  judiciously  from  the  material  in  hand, 


adopting  only  such  innovations  as  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in 
actual  use.  He  has  compiled  his  work,  not  from  his  own  experience 
alone,  but  from  the  combined  experience  of  leading  phonographers 
throughout  the  United  States,  after  extended  comparison  and  inves- 
tigation as  to  the  best  application  of  the  principles  of  the  art  in  their 
actual  practice.  A  good  feature  of  the  book  is  its  simplicity.  The 
formidable  list  of  word-signs  in  some  other  manuals  is  cut  down  to 
dimensions  which  can  more  readily  be  assimilated,  the  most  service- 
able among  them  being  retained  with  a  very  few  modifications  which 
have  been  shown  to  be  generally,  improvements.  When  the  advanced 
student  has  mastered  these  he  can  readily  judge  for  himself  of  the 
advisability  of  extending  the  list,  and.  if  he  so  desires,  will  be  cap- 
able of  doing  so  ad  libitum;  but  the  practice  of  the  best  writers  has 
shown  that  there  is  a  limit  beyond  which  abbreviation,  because  of  its 
tax  upon  the  memory  and  its  detracting  from  legibility,  is  not  con- 
ducive to  the  best  results  in  practice.  Among  the  improvements  ad- 
opted are  the  very  useful  r</and  10  ticks,  the  latter  indicating  the  w 
sound  as  heard  in  "dwell,"  "quick"  and  many  other  words. 

From  the  Daily  Times,  Moncton,  N.  B. 

The  Text-Book  of  Phonography,  Part  II.  published  by  D.  L.  Scott- 
Browne,  23  Clinton  Place,  New-York,  will  be  found  a  great  boon  to 
the  brotherhood  of  Shorthand  writers  usingthe  Benn  Pitman  system. 
It  has  been  a  matter  of  regret  among  Phonographers  that  the  latter 
author  has  left  his  system  just  where  it  was  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  Though  ahead  of  every  other  system  founded  on  the  old  ninth 
edition  Isaac  Pitman,  it  has  not  kept  pace  with  the  times,  and  the 
author  of  the  work  under  notice,  who  is  widely  and  favorably  known 
in  the  profession  has  after  long  years  of  study  and  experience, 
adopted  and  perfected  a  number  of  changes,  which  we  have  no  hesi- 
tation in  pronouncing  real  improvements,  and  which  tendto  add  both 
speed  and  legibility  to  the  old  system,  besides  rendering  it  more 
philosophical.  There  are  many  chapters  in  this  work  which  will  be 
found  not  only  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  student,  but  which  even 
the  advanced  writer  can  study  with  great  profit,  containing  as  they 
do  a  vast  store  of  practical  information  which  usually]  takes  the  ex- 
pert Shorthand  amanuensis  or  reporter  many  years  to  acquire  in  the 
active  practice  of  the  profession.  The  book  fairly  bristles  with  good 
points;  its  general  get-up  is  beyond  criticism,  and  is  worth  ten 
times  the  price  ($2.) 

A  useful  companion  to  the  above  is  Scott-Browne's  "SHORTHAND 
ABBREVIATIONS,"  containing  a  reference  vocabulary  of  3000  words 
in  common  use,  words  of  peculiar  construction,  etc.,  and  many 
otner  features  of  great  value  to  the  shorthander,  be  he  professional 
or  amateur. 

Scott  Browne  also  publishes  the  "PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY",  an 
admirable  publication  which  k°eps  the  profession  an  courant  with 
everything  occurmg  in  the  shorthand  world,  besides  containing  much 
matter  of  value  to  those  who  are  struggling  with  the  mysteries  of 
the  art  that  "catches  words  and  thoughts  on  the  wing." 


GRADUATES. 


The  following  names  and  addresses  of  a  few  of  the  graduates  by 
the  American  Standard  will  show  what  has  been  accomplished  by 
students  of  this  system.  The  salaries  of  some  are  not  known,  hence 
are  not  given.  The  brief  record  of  each  graduate's  accomplishment 
will  be  found  interesting  and  will  serve  as  an  answer  to  the  questions: 
How  long  will  it  take  to  learn  Shorthand,  and  what  can  I  ear.i  by  it? 
The  greater  number  of  graduates  were  aided  to  their  lucrative  posi- 
tions by  Browne's  Bureau  for  Supplying  Stenographic  Help,  described 
on  page  6,  under  the  head  of  "Chain  of  Phonographic  Colleges," 

MR.  J.  N.  BLAUVELT,  of  New  Jersey,  became  Stenographer  to  Capt. 
W.  H.  Bixby,  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States  Army, 
located  at  Wilmington,  N.  C.  Salary  $100  per  month.  Mr.  Blau- 
velt  was  formerly  clerk  in  a  wholesale  Millinery  store  in  New-York, 
at  a  salary  of  not  more  than  half  what  he  is  now  receiving. 

MR.  W,  L.  DANIELS,  formerly  of  Boston,  mastered  Part  I,  Text- 
Book  in  6  1-2  lessons,  and  wrote  125  words  a  minute  correctly  after 
three  months'  study.  Is  employed  with  the  Mann  Boudoir  Car  Co., 
of  New-York,  and  receives  a  salary  of  $1200  a  year.  Was  formerly 
a  bookkeeper  at  a.  much  smaller  salary.  Operates  the  Caligraph, 
and  has  found  no  machine  to  equal  it  for  speed,  durability  and  ex- 
cellent work. 

MR.  STANLEY  GARDNER,  of  New  Jersey,  first  practiced  Law  Re- 
porting in  New-York  for  a  time,  then  accepted  a  position  of  $1500  a 
year  as  assistant  Stenographer  to  the  Corbin  Banking  Co.,  which  in 
time  he  resigned  to  accept  a  much  larger  salary  with  the  National 
Tub  Works  Co.,  of  McKeesport,  Pa. 

MR.  GEORGE  D.  HEDIAN,  of  Pa.,  learned  Shorthand  during  the  va- 
cations of  the  schools  he  taught,  and  became  Stenographer  to  George 
Bancroft,  the  historian,  at  a  salary  of  $1200  a  year.  He  has  been 
able  to  do  the  work  required  in  his  position  and  graduate  at  the 
National  Law  School  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  spends  his  summers 
with  Mr.  Bancroft  in  Newport,  R.  I. 

MR.  C.  H.  LARKIN,  of  Tenn.,  completed  a  course  in  three  months' 
time,  and  was  placed  in  the  house  of  Thompson  &  Bedford  Co.,  in 
New- York  at  $20  a  week.  He  was  formerly  earning  half  that  salary 
as  a  printer. 

MR.  GEO.  B.  SHEPPARD,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  took  his  first  position 
with  the  Indianapolis.  Springfield  and  Decatur  R.  R.,  at  a  salary  of 
$20  per  week.  Learning  the  railroad  business  in  this  position  he  was 
offered  a  better  one  with  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  R.  R.,  and  in 
time  a  still  better  with  the  Union  Pacific  R.  R..  of  Omaha,  Neb. 
Previous  to  learning  shorthand,  he  was  a  clerk  in  a  publishing  house, 
at  a  salary  of  not  half  what  he  is  now  receiving. 


MR.  JOHN  Ross,  of  Canada,  a  carpenter  by  trade,  learning  the  art 
took  a  position  in  a  large  house  in  New-York  doing  business  with 
Mexico.  His  letters  were  passed  over  to  a  Spanish  Translator  who  was 
paid  $i.  per  letter  for  putting  them  into  that  language.  Mr.  Ross 
learned  Spanish  within  a  year's  time  by  evening  study  and  received 
an  increase  of  salary  making  the  sum,  we  understand, of  $30  per  week. 

MR.  S.  B.  SHEIBLY,  of  Ga.,  a  telegrapher,  became  stenographer  to 
Attorney  General  Brewster,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  a  salary  of  §1800 
a  year.  He  previously  received  $90  a  month  with  the  W.  U.  Tel.  Co. 

MR.  GEO.  A.  TAYLOR,  of  Indiana,  was  first  stenographer  to  the  N.  Y. 
Central  R.  R.  Co.,  New- York,  and  afterward  with  Cameron,  Castles 
&  Story,  of  Waco,  Texas,  at  $1500  a  year. 

MR.  J.  D.  HASHAGEN,  of  New-York,  became  stenographer  to  the  Sa- 
vannah, Florida  &  Western  R.  R.,  and  upon  learning  the  R.  R.  business 
was  transferred  to  New-York,  and  made  Gen.  Freight  Agent  on  this 
and  several  other  lines  of  roads. 

MR.  CHAS,  E.PENNOYER,  of  Nebraska,  withScribner,  Welford&  Co.. 
New- York,  at  $20  per  week. 

MR.  Jos.  T.  BROWN  with  E.  O.  Bowers,  Commission  Merchant,  New- 
York,  $20  per  week. 

MR.GEO.  E.  PLUNKITT,  of  New-York,  Stenographer  to  the  Hon.  John 
Kelly,  President  of  the  Tammany  Society,  resigned  to  accept  a 
a  similar  position  with  Major  Hull  of  the  American  Institute,  and 
was  afterward  appointed  Official  Stenographer  of  the  nth  Judicial 
District  Court  of  New- York  at  a  salary  of  $2,000  per  year,  and  10  cts. 
per  folio  for  transcripts.  Mr.  Plunkitt  is  but  21  years  of  age,  and  had 
his  choice  when  1 8  years  old  to  go  to  college  or  learn  a  business. 
He  choose  to  learn  Phonography,  which  has  given  him  a  splendid 
practical  education  and  abundant  remuneration  for  his  time. 

MR.  JOHN  F.  SNYDER,  of  Pennsylvania,  first  served  in  the  New  York 
and  New  England  R.  R.  Co.  in  Boston  at  $75  per  month,  and  in  due 
time  accepted  $90  per  month,  in  Lynchburg,  Va.,  with  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  R.  R.  Was  previously  a  longhand  clerk  in  a  railroad  office 
at  a  salary  of  $50  per  month. 

MR.  M.  A.  COHEN,  of  SavannahvGa.,  was  appointed  official  Steno- 
grapher of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  City,  which  led  to  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  law  and  being  offered  a  partnership  in  probably  the 
most  influential  law  firm  of  the  South  accepted  the  same. 

MR.  C.  C.  BRENNEMAN,  of  Ohio,  first  took  a  position  in  New- York  at 
$15  per  week  in  a  glass  house  and  afterwards  was  advanced  to  $18  in  a 
law  office,  and  then  accepted  $25  per  week  with  the  Georgia  &  Pacific 
R.  R.  Co.,  of  Birmingham,  Ala. 

MR.  W.  P.  NORRIS,  of  Richmond,  Ky.,  graduated  in  three  months, 
and  became  stenographer  to  11.  S.  Douthitt,  Proba'.e  Judge,  Howard, 
Kansas. 


MR.  H.  S.  JENNISON  after  four  months  careful  study  \  ;came 
master  of  the  art  and  is  employed  by  Venable  &  Co.,  the  largest 
tobacco  manufacturers  in  Virginia,  and  receives  from  them  a  liberal 
salary. 

MR.  J.  A.  SHINDELL  studied  Phonography  while  preparing  him- 
self to  become  private  secretary  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  Railroad,  but  being  limited  to  six  weeks  time  in  preparation, 
did  not  graduate,  though  he  mastered  the  principles  of  the  art 
in  that  time  sufficiently  to  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

MR.  GEO.  MALONE  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  immediately  upon 
graduating  had  his  salary  doubled  by  his  present  employer,  Mr.  Frank 
W.  Hackett,  486  Louisiana  Avenue. 

MR.  FRANCIS  P.  McGHAN  took  a  finishing  course,  and  in  a  few 
months  was  able  to  take  down  verbatim  public  speeches,  and  per- 
formed some  very  difficult  reporting  for  the  Bureau  of  Navigation, 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  is  a  phenomenally  rapid  writer.  Mr. 
McGhan  is  a  mechanic  and  still  works  at  his  trade,  and  few  reporters 
can  do  shorthand  work  at  greater  speed  than  he. 

MR.  JOHN  McMAHON,  JR.,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  learned 
Phonography  as  a  part  of  a  practical  education.  His  father,  Mr.  John 
McMahon,  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury,  who  is  a  mathematician  by  profes- 
sion and  a  graduate  of  Dublin  University,  deems  a  knowledge  of 
Shorthand  essential  to  a  good  business  education. 

MR.  F.  W.  MOULTON,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  resigned  a  govern- 
ment position  to  become  stenographer  in  the  Washington  Telephone 
Headquarters  at  a  salary  of  $900  a  year.  He  made  himself  so  valu- 
able to  his  employers  that  his  salary  was  increased  to  $1500  within  a 
few  months. 

MR.  GAINES  RICE,  of  Burlington,  Ky.,  gained  70  words  a 
minute  in  two  months  instruction.  He  entered  the  college  with  80 
words  and  left  with  150  a  minute. 

MR.  S.  J.  STEDMAN,  of  Cincinnati,  gained  70  words  in  two 
months  study;  entering  with  70  words  and  leaving  with  140. 

MR.  DAVID  STRAUSS,  of  Cincinnati,  began  the  study  and  in  three 
months  time  attained  the  proficiency  of  writing  120  words  a  minute, 
and  was  immediately  made  stenographer  to  the  Railway  Supply 
and  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Second  Street,  Cincinnati. 

MR.  F.  H.  VOGT,  of  East  Walnut  Hills,  Cincinnati,  thoroughly 
mastered  Part  i,  Text-Book  in  eleven  lessons,  and  wrote  IOD 
words  per  minute  after  taking  30  lessons. 

MR.  GEORGE  FRANCIS  TRAIN,  JR.,  with  his  knowledge  of  short- 
hand became  teller  of  the  Kountze  Bros.  Bank,  New- York. 

MR.  G.  EDGAR  ALLEN, of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  with  the  Favorite  Car- 
nage Co..  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


MR.  WM.  HARRISON,  of  Maine,  located  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  taking  a 
position  with  a  Railroad  Co.,  at  a  salary  of  $60  per  month  which 
was  rapidly  advanced  to  $150  a  month. 

MR.  GEORGE  LUCAS,  of  New-York,  a  dry  goods  clerk  on  a  salary  of  $7 
a  week,  after  six  months  study  of  3  lessons  a  week  accepted  a  position 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  $40  a  week. 


LADY    GRADUATES. 


Miss  JOSEPHINE  CAMPBELL,  of  Goo  F  St.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  em- 
ployed  as  shorthand  writer  and  typewriter  operator  with  one  of  the 
largest  firms  of  Patent  Lawyers  in  Washington,  doing  the  very  diffi- 
cult work  that  shorthand  writers  .".re  somtimes  called  upon  to  do,  viz: 
taking  specifications  in  patent  cases  from  dictation. 

Miss  BESSIE  COWELL,  of  1818  i6th  St.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  al- 
though but  sixteen  years  of  age,  is  a  thorough  master  of  Phono- 
graphy. She  is  a  granddaughter  of  Prof.  Robert  Phipps,  a  gentleman 
who  has  been  favorably  known  in  Washington  for  many  years,  and 
who  regards  a  knowledge  of  shorthand  as  necessary  to  complete  the 
education  of  a  young  lady. 

MRS.  LOUISE  H.  ESSELSTYN,  teacher  in  Hamilton  College,  Hamil- 
ton. N.  Y.,  learned  the  Remington  Typewriter  in  conection  with  her 
Shorthand  and  in  less  than  three  months  study  of  the  art,  was  able 
to  take  a  position  in  a  large  confectionery  supply  house,  at  $12  per 
week.  A  few  months  afterward,  was  offered  a  place  in  the  office  of 
the  Century  Co.,  New-York,  at  a  salary  of  $25  per  week.  In  this  po- 
sition she  was  required  to  use  the  Hammond  Typewriter  with  Greek 
type  in  preparing  manuscript  for  publication.  Her  educational  quali- 
fications were  appreciated,  and  she  is  now  recaiving  about  double 
the  salary  she  formerly  received  in  the  profession  of  teaching. 

Miss  ALICE  STANLEY  BOYNTON,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a  lady  of 
culture  and  independence,  learned  the  art  for  the  sake  of  having  an 
occupation;  being  for  some  time  engaged  in  the  Export  Department 
of  the  Domestic  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  she  resigned  this  position  to 
accept  a  better  one  with  the  paper  house  of  Wilkinson  &  Brother, 
at  $20  per  week. 

Miss  KATE  ELLIS,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  daughter  of  a  physician  cf 
wealth,  deciding  that  home  life  was  wearisome  without  something  to 
do,  learned  Shorthand  and  took  a  position  with  the  house  of  Estes  & 
Lauriat,  Boston,  Mass.,  at  $18  per  week. 

Miss  CLARA  A.  TISSINGTON,  of  Nassau,  Bahama  Islands,  on 
learning  the  art,  became  assistant  to  Mr.  E.  F.  Underbill  and  other 
New-York  law  reporters.  The  remuneration  being  about  double  that 
gained  by  her  former  profession — music. 


Miss  IDA  STEVENS,  of  Iowa,  a  school  teacher  became  stenographer 
to  a  large  manufacturing  house  in  New -York.  This  position  was  in 
time  resigned  to  make  a  visit  to  her  home,  where  the  Diagonal  Route 
Railroad  Co. ,  of  Des  Moines,  learning  that  she  was  a  stenographer, 
offered  her  a  position  at  a  better  salary  than  she  received  in  New- 
York,  which  she  accepted. 

Miss  V.  J.  PRESTON,  of  Dutchess  Co.,  after  trying  the  vicissitudes 
of  a  clerkship  in  a  dry  goods  store,  upon  graduating  in  Shorthand, 
became  the  chief  stenographer  of  Ehrich  Brothers,  (where  she  was 
only  a  clerk  before)  at  an  increased  salary,  which  position  was  re- 
signed to  accept  a  better  one  in  the  editorial  sanctum  of  the  Christian 
Union  newspaper,  and  this  again  was  given  up  for  a  still  better 
position  with  Prof  Phelix  Adler,  the  Founder  and  President  of  the 
Society  of  Ethical  Culture.  She  has  here  enjoyed  intellectual 
treats  rare  and  beautiful  indeed. 

MRS.  F.  WILKES,  of  California,  the  wife  of  a  millionaire,  learned 
the  art  as  a  precaution  in  case  of  unforeseen  reverses  in  fortune, 
which  was  a  very  wise  thing  to  do.  She  acknowledges  that  she  has 
already  derived  from  its  study  more  pleasure  and  information  than 
from  anything  else  she  ever  undertook,  and  feels  fully  repaid  for  the 
expense  of  learning  in  intellectual  benefits  derived,  even  if  she  never 
have  occasion  to  practise  it. 

Miss  AMELIA  TONG,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a  saleslady  in  a  dry  goods 
store,  by  a  knowledge  of  the  coveted  art  was  advanced  to  the  private 
secretaryship  of  Mr.  Barnes,  the  head  of  the  great  publishinghouse  of 
A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  at  a  salary  double  what  she  received  as  saleslady. 

Miss  LIZZIE  GASTON,  of  Brooklyn,  a  lady  of  leisure  learned  the  art 
to  dispel  the  ennui  of  her  social  surroundings,  became  stenographer 
to  the  editor  of  the  Christian  Union  at  a  salary  that  afforded  her  in- 
dependence and  pleasure. 

Miss  LIZZIE  DOLSON,  New  Paltz,  N.  Y.,  became  stenographer  to 
the  National  Trotting  Association  of  Hartford  Conn.,  and  afterward 
to  the  Custom  House  brokers,  F.  R.  Downing  &  Co.,  of  New- York, 
and  finally  changed  to  the  Domestic  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  for  a  better 
position.  In  all  of  which  places  she  commanded  an  excellent  salary, 
and  each  time  she  made  a  change  it  bettered  her  condition.  Was 
formerly  a  teacher. 

Miss  RENA  HODGES,  of  Mass.,  became  stenographer  to  the  Ex- 
tensive Plate  Glass  house  of  Semon,  Biche  &  Co,  which  position  she 
resigned  to  accept  a  better  one  with  F.  R.  Downing  &  Co.,  of  20 
Exchange  Place..  New-York.  Was  a  teacher  before. 

The  MISSES  ANNIE  A.  and  KATE  Q.  SEAMAN,  teachers  of  the  High 
School  of  Nyack,  N.  Y.,  after  four  months  study  of  the  art,  took 
positions  together  in  Mr.  L.  W.  Seavey's  popular  Scenic  Art  studio  of 
New-York,  where  they  are  receiving  larger  remuneration  than  they 
received  as  school  teachers. 


PRICE  LIST  OF  REPORTERS' 

MATERIAL. 
REPORTERS^OTE-BOOKS. 


These  Prices  include  Postage, 


No. 


DOZEN. 


$1,20 


2. 


•  75 


i  Note-Book,  4x9  inches,  for  pen,  96  pages, 
opening  endwise,  ruled  for  law-reporting, 
made  for  patent  cover,         -  locts. 

No.  2  Note-Book,  5x9  inches,  for  pen,  160  pages, 
opening  endwise,  for  office,  lecture,  or  law 
reporting,  made  for  patent  cover,  -  -  20  " 

No.  3  Note-Book,  4  xg  inches,  for  pencil,  96  pages, 

without  marginal  line,        -        -        -        -         S  " 

No.  4  Note-Book,  4x9  inches,  for  pencil,  1 92  pages, 

like  No.  3,  only  double  the  thickness,       -          10  " 

No.  5  Note-Book,  5x9  inches,  medium  paper  for 
pen  or  pencil,  160  pages,  the  amanuensis' 
favorite  book  for  taking  dictation  of  business 
letters,  also  preferred  for  lecture  or  sermon 
reporting,  .  20  " 

No.  6  Note-Book,  5x9  inches,  for  pen,  160  pages, 

suitable  for  law,  lecture  or  office  reporting,       20  ' 

No.  7  Note-Book,  about  51-4x8  1-4  inches,  me- 
dium paper  for  pen  or  pencil,  opening  like 
an  ordinary  book,  and  adapted  to  legal  gen- 
eral, or  office  reporting,  20  " 

No.  8  Note-Book,  5x9  inches,  medium  paper  for 
pen  or  pencil,  opening  endwise,  ruled  for 
law,  office  or  general  reporting,  the  only 
perfectly  flexible  back  note-book  made, 
bound  in  stiff  covers,  160  pages  and  every 
sheet  laying  perfectly  flat,  -  25  "  3. 

REPORTERS7°~NOTE-BOOK 
COVERS. 

These  books  are  made  to  fit  the  Note-Books  above  described. 
They  are  useful  to  the  Reporter,  not  only  as  a  protection  for  the  book, 
but  as  well  for  a  stiffening  or  back  by  which  the  book  can  be  held  in 
the  hand  or  rest  upon  the  knee  in  writing.  The  numbers  of  the 
covers  correspond  to  the  numbers  of  the  books  to  which  they  belong. 
The  books  are  made  transferable  so  that  one  cover  can  be  used  an  in- 
definite time  on  different  books.  Nos.  I  and  2  covers  are  patent 
back,  but  the  other  covers  would  fit  any  book  of  the  same  dimensions. 
Order  by  the  following  numbers,  I,  2,  3,  5,  7.  Price  50  cents  each. 


2. 


PENS,  PENCILS,  ETC,,  ETC. 

The  ordinary  pen  or  pencil  does  not  answer  for  shorthand  writing 
any  more  than  for  artists'  work;  special  pens  and  pencils  have  to  be 
used,  as  follows,  sent  post-paid. 

DOZEN.       GROSS. 

"U'  PEN.— A  smooth,  fine  pointed  pen,  of  great  dura- 
bility, for  longhand  or  shorthand  writing,  -  20  cts.  $2. 

ESTERBROOK'S  FALCON.— A  most  excellent  pen,  20  cts.     $2. 

SPENCERIAN. — Especially  adapted  to  artistic  short- 
hand writing  where  a  very  fine  line  and  handsome 
shading  is  required,  -  -  -  -  20  cts.  $2. 

THREE  POINTED  PEN.— A  great  favorite;  used  en- 
tirely by  the  Congressional  Reporters;  short-nibbed, 
very  flexible  near  the  point,  quick  acting,  greatly 
reducing  the  labor  of  writing,  and  lessening  the 
tendency  to  Writer's  Paralysis.  Price,  -  -  20  cts.  $2. 

Any  other  Pen  preferred  by  Stenographers  can  be  furnished  to  order. 

EACH. 

GOLD  PEN. — Short  nibbed,  qnick  acting,  made  especially 
for  shorthand  writing,  and  after  a  thorough  test  by 
Stenographers  pronounced  the  best  gold  pen  for  their 
uses.  Selected  to  suit  the  hand  of  the  purchaser,  b>  his 
sending  a  sample  of  his  longhand  writing,  and  style  of  . 
steel  pen  used,  -- $2.25 

FOUNTAIN  PEN — Made  for  shorthand  writing,  coarse  or 
fine  pointed  as  desired,  will  not  clog  or  leak,  writes  with 
any  good  ink,  accepted  by  thousands  of  stenographers 
as  the  best,  and  will  write  a  whole  day  with  one  filling. 
Price  recently  reduced  cne  third,  Plain,  -  -  $3.50 

Gold  mounted,         -          4.00 

MAMMOTH  PEN-HOLDER  for  relief  to  the  hand  in  con- 
tinuous writing,  superior  to  any  devise  for  enlarging  the 
ordinary  holder,  will  take  any  size  pen,  is  a  thing  of 
beauty,  ebonized  and  handsomely  decorated  by  hand 
painting.  Would  make  a  unique  present  for  any  ona 
stenographer  or  not.  25  cts. 

CEDAR  PEN-HOLDER.— Suitable  for  any  pen,  keeps  the 
ink  from  soiling  the  fingers  or  the  work  if  dropped  upon 
the  desk;  without  the  steel  ferrule  which  is  supposed  to 
aggravate  or  tend  to  cause  writer's  cramp.  6  for  25  cts. 
No  smaller  order  filled  unless  when  other  goods  are  or- 
dered with  which  it  can  be  packed. 

PEN  AND  PENCIL  CASE.— Carries  a  full  set  of  sharpened 
pencils  without  breaking  the  points,  Fountain,  Mammoth, 
Gold  Pen  and  Holder,  Rubber  and  Steel  Eraser,  made 
durable  and  convenient  for  the  pocket.  50  cts. 


EACH.      DOZEN. 
PENCILS.— The  best  for  Stenographer's  use. 

No.  I;  pure  black,  without  grit,  and  with  a  line 

of  shorthand  engraved  on  the  same.  -  10  cts.     $i. 

No.  2,  with  permanent  rubber  tips,  10  cts.     $i. 

CELLULOID  OR  HARD  RUBBER  PENHOLDERS; 

very  handsome  and  durable,  assorted  colors,  10  cts.     i. 

INK-ERASERS. — For  typewriter  use,  ro  cts.     i. 

PENCIL  CASE. — In  black  or  red  leather,  as  handsome  as 
morrocco,  holding  six  pencils,  made  very  strong  and 
a  sure  protection  to  the  points  of  pencils.  $2. 

POCKET  INK  STANDS.— Can  be  carried  in  the  vest  pocket,  will 
not  tip  over  when  in  use,  have  large  mouths,  and  are  just  the  thing 
for  stenographers'  use.  50  c's.  $(  or  $3. 

LEAD  PENCIL  SHARPENER,  a  simple  device  convenient  for  the 
pocket,  combining  a  knife  with  a  file  for  sharpening  a  pencil  so  as 
to  prevent  waste  and  soiling  the  fingers.  Price  40  cts. 

STEEL  POCKET  ERASER.— Opens  like  a  knife,  made  with  a 
cocoa  or  ivory  handle  paper  cutter  for  trimming  books,  paper, 
etc.,  etc.  -  50  cts. 

*  TYPEWRITING    PAPEE. 

As  cheap  as  ordinary  paper  and  produces  the  neatest  effect  in  type- 
writer work.     Single  quire  postpaid;  per  ream,  by  express. 

QUIRE.REAM 

STOCK  "A", Bankers'  Linen,  Legal,  manifolds,  plain,  isc.  $1.75 

STOCK  "A",  Letter  size,  i2c.     1.50 

STOCK  "A",  Legal  Cap,  ruled  for  copying  testimony,  iSc.  2.00 
BOND  "E",  Heavy,  Wove,  Legal,  for  single  copies  only,  25c.  2.50 
IRISH  LINEN,  Heavy,  Laid,  Legal,  for  single  copies,  2<;c.  2.50 
ONION  SKIN,  Legal  or  letter  size,  Manifolds  many  copies, isc.  2.50 

DOZ.  HUNDRED 

CARBON,  Legal  Cap,  best,  will  not  smut,  very  durable, 6oc.  5.00 
COPY  COVERS,  for  Legal  matter,  I5C.  7sc. 

CALIGRAPH  AND  TYPEWRITER 
RIBBONS. 

When  ordering  please  state  for  which  machine  the  ribbon  is  wanted 

EACH. 

RECORD,  for  manifolding  and  neat  jobs,  black  or  7  .rple,  $i. 

COPYING,  for  preservation  in  Letter  Book,  ,:::y  color,  I. 

INDELIBLE,  Selvedge  edge,  giving  a  permanent  copy  any  color  1.50 
RIBBONS  REINKED  for  fifty  cents  each. 


VARIOUS   CONVENIENCES. 

OIL. — The  or.ly  really  first-class  typev/ritcr  machine  oil  to  be  had. — 

Price  25  cents  per  bottle. 

POCKET  OIL  CAN.— Neat  and  secure  from  leaking. — Price  15  cts. 
TAPE  OR  CORP.  — Tor  i:se    in  binding  typewriter  copy. — Per  ball 

or  roll. — 25  cents. 
PAPFR  FASTFNFRS  f<  r  1  irding  copied  matter,— per  box  of  ioo( 

ordinary  size,  30  cents. 
READY  BINDER  forhu'-ir.css papers,  reporters' notes,  loose  papers, 

letters,  or  periodicals,  10  cents  each;  3  for  25  cents. 
TYPEWRITER    BRUSHES.— One      for    cleaning    the    type    from 

ink,  and  the  other  fcr  Keeping  the  parts  clear  from  dust.     Price  10 

cents  each. 
RUBFER  BANDS  fcr  Typewriter,  $  cents  per  pair.  25  cents  per  half 

dozen  pairs,  assorted  sizes  for  office  use,  25  cents  a  dozen. 
TYPEWRITER  COPY  HOLDER,  made  of  metal,  saves  time  and 

eyes,  and  adds  profit  to  labor,  sent    by  express    at   purchaser's  ex- 
pense.— Price  $2.00. 

PHONOGRAPHIC  CORRESPONDENCE  PAPER.— This  paper 
is  put  up  in  neat  boxes,  ci  ntainir.g  one  quire  each  with  envelopes 
to  match,  ruled  in  red  and  a  unique  symbolical  design  of  the  art 
printed  on  the  paper  and  envelopes,  making  it  very  stylish 
paper  for  shorthand  correspondence. — Price  per  box,  25  cents. 

COPY  COVERS. — In  imitation  of  alligator  skin,  very  handsome 
for  binding  typewriter  copied  plays  or  general  matter. — Price 
10  cents  each.  . 

TYPEWRITER  CABINET,  black  walnut,  four  drawers,  with  waste 
paper  box,  a  very  useful  piece  of  furniture.  Price  $10. 

EIGHT  DRAWER  CABINET,  looks  like  an  ordinary  library  table- 
when  the  machine  is  not  in  use.  When  wanted  the  machine  comes 
up  from  a  recess  in  the  desk  by  the  aid  of  a  spring.  The  handsomest 
and  most  perfect  protector  for  any  writing  machine  ever  made.  It 
also  contains  conveniences  for  doing  the  work  required  by  the  stenog- 
rapher in  ruling,  folding  papers,  etc.,  etc.,  without  removing  the 
machine  combining  a  typewriter  table  with  an  office  desk,  being 
complete  to  be  used  for  either  purpose  or  for  both  at  the  same  time, 
without  inconvenitr.ee.  Price  $40. 

CLOTH  BINDER  FOR  THE  MONTHLY,  or  any  magazine  of  the 
same  dimensions  without  regard  to  thickness,  such  as  the  Century 
St.  Nicholas,  etc.,  etc.  So  simple  it  is  understood  when  first  seen. 
Price  75  cents. 

TYPEWRITERS. — Any  make  of  machine  for  Stenographers'  use 
will  be  supplied  from  this  office  at  tfce  lowest  price  at  which  the 
machines  can  be  sold  by  any  agent.  On  some  machines  the 
agent's  prices  can  be  discounted. 


EYE  SHADE  for  protection  for  ^he  eyes  in  working  by  artificial 
light,  made  of  cloth  and  perforated  for  ventilation,  of  an  agreeable 
instead  of  sore-eye  color.  Price  15  cents  each. 

HAND-BAG,  with  compartments  for  carrying  notes,  transcripts, 
legal  or  other  papers,  having  a  handle,  lock,  chain  or  strap  to  hang 
from  the  shoulder  if  desired.  Indispensable  to  lady  stenographers, 
as  it  serves  every  purpose  of  a  pocket  and  is  more  secure  and  com. 
modious.  Price  $2  and  $4.  The  cheaper  ones  being  without  lock  or 
shoulder  strap. 

THE  NEW  PEN-HOLDER  gives  to  any  steel  pen  the  flexibility 
and  ease  of  a  gold  pen,  holding  a  pen  with  any  degree  of  firmness 
desired.  The  freedom  of  action  that  is  allowed  to  the  shank  of  a 
pen  within  this  pen-holder  removes  entirely  the  feeling  of  rigidity 
and  stiffness,  and  consequent  strain  upon  the  muscles  of  the  fingers 
and  wrist  that  accompanies  the  use  of  all  ordinary  pen-holders,  there- 
by making  this  one  thoroughly  anti-nervous;  accommodates  itself  to 
any  pen,  and  the  flexibility  of  the  pen  can  be  changed  by  turning  the 
screw-head  in  the  holder;  made  of  rubber  and  very  durable.  Price 
25  cents.  Mammoth  size  40  cents.  Pocket  Reverse  Holder,  55  cis. 

OTHER  SUPPLIES  which  may  come  into  the  market  from  time  to 
time,  will  be  furnished  from  this  office;  in  fact,  anything  the  stu- 
dent or  stenographer  needs  or  which  may  be  helpful  to  him  in  any 
way,  can  be  had  from  us  whether  it  is  found  on  our  present  list  or 
not.  So  pleaie  send  us  your  order  for  whatever  you  may  want  and 
be  assured  that  by  our  prompt  and  fair  dealing  we  will  deserve 
your  continued  patronage. 


•  \ 

^ 


/ 


Hyattsville,  Md. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 


AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


sU2t 
1886 


&m 


